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BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) > UA and Body Fluids Polansky Review > Flashcards

UA and Body Fluids Polansky Review Flashcards

1
Q

First morning specimen

A

best for screening most concentrated

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2
Q

2hr post prandial

A

diabetes monitoring, 2hr after eating, glycosuria

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3
Q

24hr urine

A

quantititive chemistries, discard first void, fridge

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4
Q

diuresis

A

increased urine production

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5
Q

polyuria

A

increased urine flow

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6
Q

oliguria

A

decreased urine flow

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7
Q

anuria

A

no urine production

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8
Q

bilirubin urine color

A

amber orange, yellow foam with shaking

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9
Q

urobilin urine

A

amber orange, no yellow foam with shaking

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10
Q

homogentisic acid urine

A

normal on void, black/brown standing

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11
Q

melanin urine

A

black/brown standing

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12
Q

methemoglobin urine

A

brown/black

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13
Q

myoglobin urine

A

red/brown standing

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14
Q

blood/hgb urine

A

pink/red, brown standing

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15
Q

porphyrin urine

A

port wine

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16
Q

changes in unpreserved urine standing for 2 hr

A

increase turbidity
inc pH
dec glucose, ketones, bili, urobili, WBC/RBC

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17
Q

pH strip test

A

double indicator, acid base balance, pH =9 improperly preserved

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18
Q

protein urine strip

A

protein error of indicator
renal disease

most sensitive to alb

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19
Q

glucose test strip

A

glucose oxidase/peroxidase
diabetes

spec for glucose

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20
Q

ketone strip test

A

sodium nitroprusside rxn
increased fat metabolism

acetoacitic acid

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21
Q

blood strip test

A

pseudoperoxidase activity of hgb

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22
Q

bilirubin strip test

A

diazo rxn

liver disease/biliary obst

only conjugated bili is excreted

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23
Q

urobilinogen strip test

A

ehrlichs aldehyde rxn

liver disease hemolysis

only detect increase, not absence

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24
Q

nitrite strip test

A

greiss rxn

UTI
inc specificty when urine in bladder is 4hr old

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25
Q

leukocyte esterase strip test

A

UTI
longest rxn time, doesnt detect lymphs

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26
Q

SG strip test

A

pKa changes
kidney conc ability in hydration

inc in diabetes mellitus

dec in diabetes insip (ADH)

ionic solutes

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27
Q

protein erros strip test

A

highly alk urine, increased SG

proteins other than ALB

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28
Q

glucose errors strip test

A

contamination with peroxide or bleach, ascorbic acid, incr SG

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29
Q

ketone errors strip test

A

red pigments, dyes, acetone

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30
Q

SG errors strip test

A

increased proteins, alk urine

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31
Q

microalbumin

A

24hr urine ACR
females diab nephrop

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32
Q

SSA sulfsalicylic acid

A

proteins, bence jones

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33
Q

clintest

A

reducing substances, coper reduction

watch to avoid pass through

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34
Q

Acetest

A

detects ketones
sodium nitroprusside

most senitive to acetoacitic acid

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35
Q

ictotest

A

detects bilirubin
diazo rgnt

more sensitive than reagent strip

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36
Q

gluc oxidase +
copper reduct (clintest) +

A

glucose

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37
Q

gluc oxidase +
clintest 0

A

glucose below sensitivity for clintest

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38
Q

gluc oxidase 0
clintest +

A

non glucose reducing substance

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39
Q

gluc oxidase 0
clintest 0

A

no gluc or other reducing subtance

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40
Q

squamous epithelial cells

A

lower urethra, vagina,
no signif

increase in females sometimes, reduce with midstream

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41
Q

transitional epithelial cells

A

renal eplvis, urteres, bladder

pherical pear shapped, polyherdral

seldom significant

may form syncytia (clumps)

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42
Q

RTE cells

A

round eccentric nucelpus

renal tubules

tubular necrosis, toxins, viral infection, renal rejection

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43
Q

oval fat body

A

RTE cell containing fat

renal tubes

maltese cross with polarized light

44
Q

WBC in urine

A

cystitis, pyelonephritis, tumors, renal calculi

clumps with acute infection

45
Q

glitter cell

A

wbc with brownian movement of granules

seen in hypotonic urine

46
Q

RBC in urine

A

infection, trauma, tumors

dysmophic indicate glomerular bleeding

lyse in hypotonic urine and w acetic acid

47
Q

amorphous urates

A

acid or neutral urine
normal

pink precipitate
dissolve by warming

48
Q

uric acid crystals

A

acid/neutral urine
normal

birefirngent/polarizes

49
Q

calcium oxalate

A

acid/neutral urine
normal

octahedral most common form

slight alk urine sometimes, most common consituent of renal calculi

50
Q

amorphous phosphates

A

alk urine
normal

white precipitate
dissolve with acidic acid

51
Q

triple phos crystals

A

alk urine
normal
coffin lids

52
Q

ammonium biurate

A

alk urine
normal
old specimens
thorny apples

53
Q

calcium phosphate

A

alk urine
normal

rosettes, pinting inger
only needle forms in alk urine

54
Q

calcium carbonate

A

alk urine
normal
colorless dumbless/aggregates

55
Q

Leucine

A

abnormal
radial concentric striations

severe liver disease
seen w tyrosine

56
Q

tyrosine

A

abnromal
fine yellow needles in sheaves/rossettes

severe liver disease

seen with leucine

57
Q

cystine

A

abn

hexagonal
cystinuria

must diff from uric acid
doesnt polarize light

confirm with sodium nitroprusside test

58
Q

cholesterol

A

abnormal
flat plates notched corners
stair-steps

nephrotic syndrome

birefringent

59
Q

bilirubin crystal

A

abnormal

yellow brown needles, plates, granules

liver disease

chem test for bilirubin should be positive

60
Q

Hyaline cast

A

normal
incr w stress, fever, excersice

most common least sign
tamms horsefall

61
Q

granular cast

A

inc w stress, excersise, glomnerph, pyloneph

from disintegration of cellular cast

62
Q

rbc cast

A

rbc in cast matrix

acute glom nephr, strenous exersice

ID kidney as source of bleeding, most fragile cast

63
Q

blood cast

A

contain hgb,

acute glomneph, strenous exercise

disitegration of rbc casts

64
Q

WBC cast

A

irreg shape, wbc in matrix

pyelonephritis

ID kidney as site of infection

65
Q

epithelial cast

A

rte cells in matrix

renal tube damage

distal to renal tubes/collecting duct where casts are formed

66
Q

waxy cast

A

homogenous, opawue, notched/broken edges

urinary stasis

degenertion of cellular/granular casts

unfavorable

67
Q

fatty cast

A

lipid droplets

nephrotic syndrome

maltese cross w polarizer is cholesterol

sudan II oil Red O stain

68
Q

broad cast

A

wide, cellular, waxy, granular

advanced renal disease

formed in distal/collecting ducts

renal failure casts

69
Q

Yeast

A

vaginal/fecal contam

may be due to kidney infection

often in diabeteics

add 2% acetic acid to lyse rbcs,

wbc present with true yeast

70
Q

trichomonas

A

flagella/undulating membrane

parasitic infection of genital tract, in females

dont report unless motile

71
Q

acute glomerulonephritis

A

inflamm and damage to glomeruli

protein and blood on strip

rbcs/wbc/hgb casts

group a strep infections

72
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

incr glom permeability

large protein

casts, free fat and oval fat bodies

hypoproteinemeia/hyperlipidemia

73
Q

pyelonephritis

A

kidney infection

protein, leukocyte esterase, nitrite

wbc, wbc casts, bacteria

74
Q

cystitis

A

bladder infection

leukocyte esterase, nitrie

abc, bacteria, rbcs, no casts

75
Q

liver disease

A

bili pos or neg
urobili increased

76
Q

biliary obstruction

A

bili pos
urobili N

77
Q

hemolytic disorders

A

bili neg
urobili increased

78
Q

CSF exam

A

1hr post collection to avoid rbc lysis, centrifuge

79
Q

wbc CSF

A

increased in meningitis, cell count within 30min

80
Q

glucose CSF

A

inc in bacterial meningitis

81
Q

protein CSF

A

increased in meningitis and tramatic tap

use trichloracetic acid

82
Q

cells in CSF

A

siderophages with subarachnoid hemorrhage

blasts w leukemia

83
Q

mycobacterium meningitis CSF

A

inc wbc
lymphs monos

weblike clot or pellicle
inc protein/glucose

84
Q

fungal meningitis CSF

A

inc wbc
lymphs monos
pos india ink or latex agglut

85
Q

Effusion

A

abn accum of fluid in body cavity

86
Q

serous effusion

A

fluid contained in pericardial, peritoneal and pleural cavities

87
Q

pericardial fluid

A

fluid around heart

88
Q

Transudate

A

systemic disorder afecting fluid filtration and reabs, problem originating outside body

noninflamm
colorless/clear

mononuclears

89
Q

exudate

A

membranes within bodycavity
infection/hemorrage

inflammation
yellow/brown/green
cloudy
inc glucose
inc protein
clotting
polys

90
Q

noninflammatory synovial fluid

A

degenerative joint disease
yellow

91
Q

inflammatory synovial fluid

A

RA, lupus, gout, pseudogout
yellow
cloudy/turbid
poor viscosity
inc wbcs polys

92
Q

infectious synovial fluid

A

bacterial infection
yellow green
cloudy
inc wbcs
(s. aureus/gonorrhoeae common)

93
Q

crystal induced synovial fluid

A

gout/pseudogout
yellow/white
milky
crystals

94
Q

hemorrhagic synovial fluid

A

trauma, coag abnormality
pink/red/brown
clpudy

95
Q

monosodium urate crystals synovial fluid

A

needles, briefringnet

yellow when long axis is parallel to slow wave

gout

96
Q

calcium pyrophosphate synovial fluid

A

rod shaped, rhomboid
weakly birefingent

blue when parallel

pseudogout

97
Q

cholesterol synovial fluid

A

extracellular

chronic effusions (RA)

98
Q

semen collection fertility

A

3 days no sex
no conodms
deliver within 1 hr
dont examin until liquified

99
Q

motility/morphology sperm

A

observe motility within 3hr 50-60% should be fair motility

200 cell count,

100
Q

post vasc

A

condom can be used, time temp not critical

testing after 2 mos, continue until 2 samples are w/o sperm

1 sperm significant

101
Q

L/S ratio

A

fetal lung maturity

TLC
>2 ideal

102
Q

PG phosphatidylglycerol

A

fetal lung maturity
immunologic agglut

last surfactant to rise
not affected by blood

103
Q

foam stability index (shake test)

A

fetal lung maturity
shake w increase ammount of 95% ethanol

index is highest conc that supports ring

104
Q

lamellar body count

A

fetal lung maturity
count in plt channel of hemocytometer

number correlates to phosph in fetal lungs

105
Q

amniotic fluid bilirubin

A

HDFN
determine severity of disease, protect from light

106
Q

AFP

A

neural tube defects
high levels with anecephaly/spina bifida

BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) (6 decks)

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