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BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) > Polansky Chemistry Review > Flashcards

Polansky Chemistry Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Diurnal Variation
Am?

A

increased ACTH, cortisol, Iron

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2
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Diurnal Variation
Pm?

A

Increased GH, PTH, TSH

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3
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Day to Day variation

A

> 20% ALT, Bili, CK, Steriods, triglycerides

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4
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Recent food ingestion

A

increased glucose
gastrin/triglycerides

decreased chloride, K,

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5
Q

Required fasting panels

A

fasting glucose, triglycerides, lipid panels

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6
Q

Alcohol changes on chemistry panels

A

dec glucose, increase triglycerides, GGT

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7
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Activity

A

in ambulatory pts : Creatinine Kinase

Excersise: K, phos, lactic acid, creatinine, LD..etc

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8
Q

Ex values that may affect chemistry values:

Stress

A

Increased ACTH, cortisol, catecholamines

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9
Q

Things that affect chemistry results

squeezing site of capillary puncture

A

Preanalytical- increased K

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10
Q

pumping during venipunture

A

increased K, lactic acid, Ca+,

Decreased pH

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11
Q

tourniquate >1min

A

increased K, TP, Lactic acid

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12
Q

IV fluid contamination

A

increased glucose, K, Na, Cl

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13
Q

Hemolysis effects on results

A

increased K, Mg, Phos, LD, Iron..etc

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14
Q

Chilling is required for what analytes?

A

lactic acid, ammonia, blood gases

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15
Q

Higher in plasma than serum
t/l/c

A

TP, LD, calcium

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16
Q

Higher in serum than plasma
k,p,g,c,b

A

K, Phos, Glu, CK, bicarb…

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17
Q

higher in plasma than whole blood
g

A

glucose

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18
Q

higher in capillary blood than venous blood
g/k

A

Glucose, K

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19
Q

higher in venous blood than capillary blood
c/t

A

Ca, TP

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20
Q

higher in RBCs than plasma
k,p,m

A

K, Phos, Mg

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21
Q

higher in plasma than RBCs
n
c

A

Na, Chloride

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22
Q

Spectrophotometry principle simplified

A

chemical rxn produces color, absorbs light at a specific wavelength, amount of light prop to concentration

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23
Q

one of the most common methods, used for many routine chem assays

A

spectrophotometer

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24
Q

Atomic absorption spectro principle simplified

A

measures light absorbed by ground state atoms

has flame chamber/hollow cathode lamp

trace metals

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25
Flourometry principle simplified
atoms absorb light at certain wavelengths and emit them longer with lower energy 90 degree light source drugs and hormones
26
Chemiluminescence principle simlified produces.... o of? doesnt require? extremely? used in?
chem rxn produces light, oxidation of luminol, acridinum, esters or diox. doesnt require exitation, extremely sensitive, immunoassays
27
Turbidimetry principle
measures reduced light transmission by suspension protein meaurement in Urine/CSF
28
Nephelometry principle
light measured at angle from source ag-ab rxns
29
wavelength 350-430
violet absorbed
30
wl 670-700
red absorbed
31
wl 505-555
green light absorbed
32
wavelength 220-380 UV/near light source?
deuterium
33
wavelength 380-750 visible light source?
tungstein
34
wl 750-2000 infrared light source?
tungsten
35
TLC
thin layer chromatography used for drugs of abuse in urine Rf value (distance traveled by compound and solvent)
36
HPLC
high preformance liquid chrom separates thermolabile compoinds peak height ratio
37
GC
gas chromatography sep volitle compounds, theraputic and toxic drugs retention times
38
Ion selective electrodes
diff between 2 electrodes = conc of analyte pH, Pco2, Po2...etc
39
osmometry
of dissolved particles in a solution, based on freezing point depression serum and urine osmos
40
electrophoresis
sep of charged particles in electric field, anions move towards postive (anode) cathodes move toward cations hgb/serum protein
41
Glucose increased
hyperglycemia diabetes mellitus, acute stress, pancreatitis
42
glucose decreased
hypoglycemia insulnoma, hypopituitarism
43
Total Cholesterol
limited in predicting CAD, used with HDL/LDL
44
HDL
inversely related to CAD
45
LDL what formula
risk factor for CAD friedwald formula
46
Triglycerides
risk for CAD, lipid storage
47
Increased Total Protein d/c/mm
dehydration, chronic inflammation, MM
48
Decreased Total Protein what method? what rgnt?
nephrotic syndrom, malabsorption, malnutrition..etc biuret method, alk copper rgnt
49
Increased albumin
dehydration
50
decreased albumin m l n c
malnutrition, liver diease, neph syndrom, chronic infalm
51
Increased microalbumin
in diabetics at risk of nephropathy
52
insulin
decreases glucose levels respon for entry of glucose into cells, inc glycogenesis
53
Glucagon
increased glucose stim glycogen/glucogen inhibits glycolysis
54
cortisol and glucose
insulin agonist, increases gluconeogenesis
55
epinephrine and glucose
promotes glycogenolysis/gluconeogeneisis
56
GH and glucose
insulin agonist
57
Thyroxine and glucose
inc glucose abs from GI, glycogenolysis
58
Type 1 Diabetes
insulin dependent autoimmune destruction of Beta cells before 25
59
Type 2 diabetes
insulin resistance secretory defect of beta cells obesity most common type not prone to ketoacidis
60
GDM gestational diabetes
placental lactogen inhibits action of insulin latter half of preg, neonatal complications
61
random plasma glucose
no prep, used for pts with symptoms of hyperglycemia
62
fasting plasma glucose
8hr fast
63
2hr plasma glucose
75g glucose load
64
oral glucose tolerance test
8hr fast, 74g glucose load gestational diabetes mellitus
65
Hgb A1C
No fasting, 2-3 month glucose control
66
Metabolic syndrome
risk factors that promote atherosclerotic CVD and type 2 diabetes INC LDL Bp blood glucose
67
Phenylketonuria
def of enzyme that conv phenyalanine to tyrosine. Phenylpyruvic acid in blood and urine mental retardation, MOUSY Odor
68
Tyrosinemia
disorder of tyrosine catabolism. tyrosine and metabolites exc in urine liver/kidney disease and death
69
Alkaptonuria
def of enzym needed in met of tyrosine/phenylananine Increased homogentisic acid diapers stain black, death
70
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
enzyme def - build up of leucine, isoleucine and valine faluire to thrive/mental/death
71
Homocytinuria def metabolism of? increased? o/t
def in metabolism of methionine, methionine and homocytine buildup osteoporosis, metnal, thromoemboli events
72
cystinuria
inc cystine excretion due to def renal reabsorbtion kidney stones
73
protein electrophoresis support medium pH
cellulose acetate or agarose pH 8.6 (neg charge move towards anode)
74
BUN increased Decreased
increased in kidney disease decreased overhydration/liver disease
75
Creatinine increased what rxn?
kidney disease Jaffe rxn
76
Uric acid Increased
gout, renal failure, high nucleoprotein diet, leumemia renal calculi/joint
77
Decreased Uric Acid
admin of ACTH, renal tubular defects
78
increased Ammonia l/h what syndrome?
liver disease, hepatic coma, renal failure REYES SYNDROME chill immediately
79
Inc Na
hypernatremia, hyperaldosterism, burns, diabetes insipidus, sweating
80
hyponatremia
renal loss, vomiting, increased fluid volume
81
ACP acid phosphatase
prostate tissues increased in cancer PSA most specific
82
ALP
increase in liver/bone disease increased preg woman and children
83
AST
high in liver, heart and skeletal liver disease, AMI
84
ALT
liver, RBCs increase liver disease more specific than AST
85
GGT
most senst enzyme for all types of liver disease, highest in obstructive disorders
86
LD
increased w AMI, pernicious anermia
87
CK
increase w AMI, muscular dystrophy
88
AMS amylase
increase in acute pancreatitis, mumps
89
G6PD
rbcs, def can lead to drug induced hemolytic anemia
90
BNP
heart failure
91
cCRP
assess risk of CAD, non specific
92
ACTH
increased cushings disease
93
FSH
sperm and egg production, increase before ovulation
94
LH
maturation of follicles, estrogen, testosterone, increased before ovulation
95
Prolactin
lactation
96
TSH increased
hypothyrodism
97
ADH
reabs of water in distal tubules, decreased in diabetes insipidus
98
Aldosterone
reab of Na in renal tubes increase hypertension dec = water/electro abnormalities
99
Cortisol decreased
addisons disease
100
HPL human placental lactogen
assesses placental function, dev of mammary glands
101
AFP
fetal liver, reexpressed in tumors, hepatitis and pregnancy
102
CA 15-3
breast cancer
103
CA 19-9
Pancreatic
104
CA 125
ovarian cancer
105
CEA
colorectal cancer, fetal antigen
106
Respiratory acidosis
dec pH inc Pco2 nrom HCO3 kidneys exc H+
107
Met acidosis
dec pH norm Pco2 dec HCO3 hyperventilation
108
Resp alk
inc ph dec pco2 norm hco3 kindey exc HCO3
109
met alk
inc pH norm pco2 inc HCO3 hypoventilation
110
A/G ratio
reversed with MM/liver disease
111
Creatinine clearance decreased
in renal disease early indicator

BOC Study Cards (From success book/Polansky) (9 decks)

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