Urbanisation Flashcards
Urban?
Towns and cities.
- DENSELY POPULATED
- wide variety of JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Rural?
Countryside
- Located outside cities and towns
- SPARSELY POPULATED
- Often rely on farming for jobs and opportunities
URBANISATION?
URBANISATION means an increase in the PROPORTION of ppl living in urban areas COMPARED to rural areas.
How to describe graphs?
TEA - trend
- example
- anomaly
Birth rate definition?
Number of births/ year per thousand of the total population
Natural increase definition?
The growth in pop resulting in an excess of births over deaths.
Death rate definition?
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Underemployment definition?
Employed at work, yet does not make use of or acknowledge one’s full ability, training or such like.
Pull factors definition?
Reasons why people are attracted to urban areas. They are PULLED towards em.
Push factors definition?
Reasons why people are encouraged to leave rural areas. PUSHED AWAY.
Rural- Urban migration?
The movement of ppl from the countryside to towns and cities where they wish to live permanently,
Infant morality definition?
The average number of deaths of children under 1 year old per 1000 live births
Urban growth (Urban sprawl) definition?
The expansion of towns and cities so that they cover more land, as well as gaining large populations.
Why is natural increase happening?
A natural increase in pop happens when there is a high proportion of young adults aged 18- 35 ➡ more kids born. Smaller proportion of old ppl means death rate is lower.
Improvements in health care (particularly in urban ares of poorer countries) ➡ lower death rate ➡ Natural increase tends to be higher in LICs and in some NEEs (India)
Mega city definition?
A very large city with a pop at over 10 mill ppl.
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? Machinery 🤖
Mechanisation of farming equipment has led to a reduction of jobs + decrease in yields in many areas
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? Conflict 🐱🚀
(division of land to sons)
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? desertification
… no food no money
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? damage caused by natural disasters
houses destroyed
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? Starvation
- too little food
- crop failure
- changes in agriculture
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? services
lack of services
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? Overpop
from high birth rates
push factors affecting rural-urban migration? farming
long hours, little pay. In LICS lack of mny means lack of machinery, pesticides, and fertiliser
Pull factors affecting rural-urban migration? Jobs
more jobs - better paid
Pull factors affecting rural-urban migration? Health + education
more accessible ➡ better quality of life
Pull factors affecting rural-urban migration? fam
Joining other fam members that have already move
Pull factors affecting rural-urban migration? life
promise of better quality of life
Pull factors affecting rural-urban migration? food
more reliable sources of food
Possible pull factors may be…?
- more jobs
- higher wages
- better living conditions
- better education and health services
- better facilities
- less chance of natural disasters
Possible push factors may be…?
- unemployment
- lower wages
- crop failure
- poor living conditions
- poor health and education services
- few facilities
- natural disasters
- civil war
