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AQA GCSE Geography > Urban Issues and Challenges - London > Flashcards

Urban Issues and Challenges - London Flashcards

1
Q

What is a megacity?

A

An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million

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2
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas

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3
Q

Why does natural increase occur?

A

Rural to Urban Migration
Younger population migrate for employment
Start a family

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4
Q

3 pull factors

A

Better services

Higher Employment

Lower risk from natural hazards

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5
Q

3 push factors

A

High Crime

Civil War

Poverty

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6
Q

Describe London’s Location

A

Between Western and Eastern Hemisphere’s
United Kingdom
South-East of England

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7
Q

Why is London important Internationally?

A

London has the largest stock exchange in the world

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8
Q

Why is london important nationally?

A

Generates approximately 30% of UK’s GDP

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9
Q

Positive Social Impact of Migration on London

A

Enhances Cultural Diversity - festivals, food, art

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10
Q

Negative Social Impact of Migration on London

A

Overcrowded Schools and public services - strain on resources

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11
Q

Positive Economic impact of Migration on London

A

Job oppurtunities

Immigrants set up businesses

Pay public services, Tax, VAT - higher if it weren’t for immigrants

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12
Q

Negative economic impact of Migration on London

A

Rising Demand for houses

Increased pressure on healthcare, education and transport

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13
Q

Urban change opportunities - social

A

Cultural Mix - London is one of the most diverse places in the world

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14
Q

Opportunities of Urban Change - Economic

A

Employment Opportunities
- Productivity is 40% higher in London than UK
- London residents are more likely to be employed

Transport
- Integrated transport system

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15
Q

Opportunities of Urban change - Environmental

A

Urban Greening
- 8.1 million trees in London
- 3,000 parks = network for wildlife

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16
Q

Challenges of Urban Change - Economic and Social

A

Inequalities in health, housing, education, employment
Unequal wealth affects access to to success

Urban decline and Urban deprivation

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17
Q

What is Urban Decline

A

Deterioration from lack of investment

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18
Q

What is urban deprivation

A

Standard of living is below majority

19
Q

Challenges of Urban Change - Environmental

A

Waste disposal and air pollution

Brownfield sites

Greenfield sites

20
Q

Brownfield Site

A

Previously developed land

21
Q

Greenfield site

A

An area of land that has not been developed

22
Q

London’s population

A

8.8 million

23
Q

Urban Regeneration Project

A

The Queen Elizabeth Park in Stratford

24
Q

Economic reasoning for regeneration

A

Replaced previously deprived area Newham

Newham was the second poorest borough in London

25
Q

Social Reasoning for regeneration

A

1 in 4 houses where overcrowded

An area of poverty

26
Q

Environmental Reasoning for regeneration

A

Brownfield Site

Polluted air and rubbish

27
Q

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - Environmental

A

Previous contaminated soil and polluted water replaced

New green spaces and wildlife habitats created

28
Q

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - social

A

2,800 homes built - eventually 8,000 homes

Aquatic facilities - locals leisure, athletes

29
Q

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - Economic

A

Lloyds estimated extra 10 billion income from the olympics

Tubes were installed for easy transport to London

30
Q

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - environmental

A

The games itself produced 3.3 million tonnes of CO2

Building materials came from overseas - pollution

31
Q

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - Social

A

Only 40% of housing was affordable

People in boroughs surrounding park remain in poverty

32
Q

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - Economic

A

Prices have gone up - previous residents cannot afford

Existing businesses had to move

33
Q

What is sustainable Urban Living

A

A city that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs

34
Q

Water conservation schemes

A

Collecting Rainwater for flushing toilers

Installing water metres - people have to pay for the amount of water they use

Encouraging people to use less water

35
Q

Energy Conservation Schemes

A

Promoting renewable energy sources

Government incentives to make homes more energy efficient

36
Q

Creating Green space

A

Encourage exercise

Break from the noise and bustle of the city

Reduce flooding

Reduce air pollution

37
Q

Waste Recycling

A

More recycling = less waste in landfill

Collection of household recycling boxes

38
Q

East Village sustainable Urban living features

A

Ten hectares of parks

new homes have recyclable waste storage

Wetland areas - water is recycled = water usage is 50% less than average urban area

Combined heat + power systems —> more efficient = Energy usage is 30% less than average urban area

39
Q

Environmental issue of traffic congestion

A

Air pollution

Release of greenhouses gases contributes to global warming

40
Q

Economic issue of Traffic congestion

A

Late to work

Productivity decreases

Economy declines

41
Q

Social issues of Traffic congestion

A

Higher chance of accidents

Frustration of drivers

Delay emergency services

42
Q

Public transport - Method to reduce traffic congestion

A

Less cars = Less air pollution

Integrated transport system = Quick and efficient

Cross Rails = More train routes so more accessible

43
Q

ULEZ system - Method to reduce traffic congestion

A

Enforces people to use public transport = improves Economy

Cleaner air = more tourists and happy residents

Contributed to almost 50% reduction in nitrogen dioxide

AQA GCSE Geography (16 decks)

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