Urban Issues and Challenges - London

Question 1

What is a megacity?

Answer 1

An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million

Question 2

What is urbanisation?

Answer 2

The increasing proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 3

Why does natural increase occur?

Answer 3

Rural to Urban Migration
Younger population migrate for employment
Start a family

Question 4

3 pull factors

Answer 4

Better services

Higher Employment

Lower risk from natural hazards

Question 5

3 push factors

Answer 5

High Crime

Civil War

Poverty

Question 6

Describe London’s Location

Answer 6

Between Western and Eastern Hemisphere’s
United Kingdom
South-East of England

Question 7

Why is London important Internationally?

Answer 7

London has the largest stock exchange in the world

Question 8

Why is london important nationally?

Answer 8

Generates approximately 30% of UK’s GDP

Question 9

Positive Social Impact of Migration on London

Answer 9

Enhances Cultural Diversity - festivals, food, art

Question 10

Negative Social Impact of Migration on London

Answer 10

Overcrowded Schools and public services - strain on resources

Question 11

Positive Economic impact of Migration on London

Answer 11

Job oppurtunities

Immigrants set up businesses

Pay public services, Tax, VAT - higher if it weren’t for immigrants

Question 12

Negative economic impact of Migration on London

Answer 12

Rising Demand for houses

Increased pressure on healthcare, education and transport

Question 13

Urban change opportunities - social

Answer 13

Cultural Mix - London is one of the most diverse places in the world

Question 14

Opportunities of Urban Change - Economic

Answer 14

Employment Opportunities
- Productivity is 40% higher in London than UK
- London residents are more likely to be employed

Transport
- Integrated transport system

Question 15

Opportunities of Urban change - Environmental

Answer 15

Urban Greening
- 8.1 million trees in London
- 3,000 parks = network for wildlife

Question 16

Challenges of Urban Change - Economic and Social

Answer 16

Inequalities in health, housing, education, employment
Unequal wealth affects access to to success

Urban decline and Urban deprivation

Question 17

What is Urban Decline

Answer 17

Deterioration from lack of investment

Question 18

What is urban deprivation

Answer 18

Standard of living is below majority

Question 19

Challenges of Urban Change - Environmental

Answer 19

Waste disposal and air pollution

Brownfield sites

Greenfield sites

Question 20

Brownfield Site

Answer 20

Previously developed land

Question 21

Greenfield site

Answer 21

An area of land that has not been developed

Question 22

London’s population

Answer 22

8.8 million

Question 23

Urban Regeneration Project

Answer 23

The Queen Elizabeth Park in Stratford

Question 24

Economic reasoning for regeneration

Answer 24

Replaced previously deprived area Newham

Newham was the second poorest borough in London

Question 25

Social Reasoning for regeneration

Answer 25

1 in 4 houses where overcrowded An area of poverty

Question 26

Environmental Reasoning for regeneration

Answer 26

Brownfield Site Polluted air and rubbish

Question 27

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - Environmental

Answer 27

Previous contaminated soil and polluted water replaced New green spaces and wildlife habitats created

Question 28

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - social

Answer 28

2,800 homes built - eventually 8,000 homes Aquatic facilities - locals leisure, athletes

Question 29

Positive impacts of the regeneration project - Economic

Answer 29

Lloyds estimated extra 10 billion income from the olympics Tubes were installed for easy transport to London

Question 30

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - environmental

Answer 30

The games itself produced 3.3 million tonnes of CO2 Building materials came from overseas - pollution

Question 31

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - Social

Answer 31

Only 40% of housing was affordable People in boroughs surrounding park remain in poverty

Question 32

Negative impacts of the regeneration project - Economic

Answer 32

Prices have gone up - previous residents cannot afford Existing businesses had to move

Question 33

What is sustainable Urban Living

Answer 33

A city that can meet its needs without making it more difficult for future generations to meet their needs

Question 34

Water conservation schemes

Answer 34

Collecting Rainwater from flushing toilets Installing water metres - people have to pay for the amount of water they use Encouraging people to use less water

Question 35

Energy Conservation Schemes

Answer 35

Promoting renewable energy sources Government incentives to make homes more energy efficient

Question 36

Creating Green space

Answer 36

Encourage exercise Break from the noise and bustle of the city Reduce flooding Reduce air pollution

Question 37

Waste Recycling

Answer 37

More recycling = less waste in landfill Collection of household recycling boxes

Question 38

East Village sustainable Urban living features

Answer 38

Ten hectares of parks new homes have recyclable waste storage Wetland areas - water is recycled = water usage is 50% less than average urban area Combined heat + power systems —> more efficient = Energy usage is 30% less than average urban area

Question 39

Environmental issue of traffic congestion

Answer 39

Air pollution Release of greenhouses gases contributes to global warming

Question 40

Economic issue of Traffic congestion

Answer 40

Late to work Productivity decreases Economy declines

Question 41

Social issues of Traffic congestion

Answer 41

Higher chance of accidents Frustration of drivers Delay emergency services

Question 42

Public transport - Method to reduce traffic congestion

Answer 42

Less cars = Less air pollution Integrated transport system = Quick and efficient Cross Rails = More train routes so more accessible

Question 43

ULEZ system - Method to reduce traffic congestion

Answer 43

Enforces people to use public transport = improves Economy Cleaner air = more tourists and happy residents Contributed to almost 50% reduction in nitrogen dioxide