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AQA GCSE Geography > The Challenge Of Resource Management - Food Water Energy > Flashcards

The Challenge Of Resource Management - Food Water Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Benefits for importing food from abroad

A

Saves money - supports the government

Provides jobs globally

Good quality from specific countries

Builds trade market

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2
Q

Issues of importing food from abroad

A

Local farmers aren’t supported

Longer journey = more chance of damage = increased food waste

Transportation is bad for the environment

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3
Q

Case study on Food

A

Kenyan Food Imports

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4
Q

The demand for non-seasonal and high value products in the UK impact….

A

Poorer countries

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5
Q

Why happened in 2009 when Kenya government announced a natural disaster of food shortages and drought

A

Large quantities of food were still being sent to the UK to fill supermarket shelvess

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6
Q

3 Kenyan food facts

A

Prepares 350 tonnes of vegetables for the UK

Uk reject 25% of food - wasted

Peas, beans, mange tut contribute to the largest proportion of imports to the UK

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7
Q

Food Miles

A

Show how far food travels to get a certain location

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8
Q

Why does importing food increase the UK’s carbon footprint

A

Transport burns fossil fuels which releases CO2 emissions

Food miles increase so more transport

Larger Carbon Footprint

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9
Q

Carbon Footprint

A

the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere from a given activity

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10
Q

Organic

A

Removing the use of chemicals in the production of food to benefit the environment and consumer health

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11
Q

Positives of Organic food

A

Does not use chemicals or pesticides
- Cleaner produce
- Doesn’t harm animals

Uses 30% less energy
- reduces carbon footprint
- more sustainable

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12
Q

Negatives of Organic food

A

Higher chance of bacteria on meat

Costs are higher

Production is expensive - more workers

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13
Q

Positives of Local Produce

A

Creates Jobs and supports the local economy

Better for the environment; less food miles

Better nutritional value - less damage from transport

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14
Q

Negatives of Local Produce

A

Production cost is higher

Local food is only seasonal - less variety

Job opportunities reduced - less people in transport industry

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15
Q

What is Agribusiness

A

Agriculture conducted on strictly commercial principle to reduce cost of food

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16
Q

Agribusiness positives

A

No need for transport - reduces food miles

More range in products

More profit for large scale businesses

Cheaper food

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17
Q

Agribusiness Negatives

A

High uses of chemicals

Impacts family businesses

Machinery instead of farmers

overseas countries effected

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18
Q

Water surplus

A

Water supply is greater than demand

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19
Q

What are the two Qs of water supply

A

Quality and Quantity

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20
Q

Methods to increase water supply

A

Save water

Water Tranfer

Building reservoirs

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21
Q

Pros and cons to saving water

A

+ Cheap and easy to save water

  • People may not follow the advise
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22
Q

Pros and cons to saving water

A

+ Cheap and easy to save water

  • People may not follow the advise
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23
Q

Pros and Cons of water transfer

A

Pros
Surplus of water is moved to a place of deficit

Cons
Very expensive and can affect wildlife

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24
Q

Pros and cons of building resovoirs

A

Pros
Stores water for times in less rainfall

Cons
Areas can be flooded - move homes

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25
Q

8 sources of water illusion to UK freshwater

A

Farming Chemicals
Hot water
Rubbish
Polllution
Untreated waste
Road runoff
Wasted resources
Sewage

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26
Q

Issues caused by poor water quality

A

Toxic waste can poison water

Increase water temp = death of wildlife and disruption to habitats

Sewage can spread diseases

Fertilisers can speed the growth of algae - eukaryotic = deaths of wildlife from insufficient oxygen

27
Q

Management strategies to water quality

A

Pollution traps - filter/catch pollution

Green roofs and walls - filter pollutants naturally in rainwater, reduce runoff = reduce flooding

Waste water treatment - prevent spills and accidents

Education Campaigns - inform the public about putting inappropriate items in the sewage

Local Water treatment - remove suspended solids to produce clean water

Legislation - laws to limit amount of discharge put into rivers

28
Q

Energy Mix

A

The range of energy sources of a region or country, both renewable and non-renewable

29
Q

Why is the rate of growth in UK’s energy consumption slowing over time

A

Industries are becoming more efficient

Households are trying to reduce carbon footprint by becoming more eco conscious

30
Q

Domestic Energy

A

Energy generated within the borders of your own country

31
Q

Why is the UK’s gas and oil production decreasing

A

Coal is harder to extract because it is deeper in the ground - difficult and expensive

Uk is reliant on overseas imports - energy supply is vulnerable

32
Q

Economic and Environmental Challenges with Fossil Fuels

A

Costs of production

Miners suffer diseases related to their jobs

Greenhouses gases - global warming

Waste = visual pollution

33
Q

Economic and Environmental challenges with Renewables

A

Visual pollution - impacts tourism

Noise pollution - wildlife and people

Weather dependent

34
Q

What is fracking

A

An extraction method used to release fossil fuels deep within the earths surface

35
Q

Opportunities of Fracking

A

Jobs in rural areas

Uk has large enough reserves to meet national energy consumption in years to come

36
Q

Challenges of Fracking

A

Time consuming - years od drilling before production can start

Increase in risk of earthquakes

37
Q

Food Security

A

Everyone has access to safe food to keep them healthy

38
Q

Food insecurity

A

Not everyone has consistent access, food is unsafe and in short supply

39
Q

Global patterns of calorie intake and food supply

A

Higher population and wealth = more consumption

40
Q

Reasons for Global patterns in calorie intake and food supply

A

Wealth

Population

Agriculture - resources

Culture - Richer foods and produce

41
Q

How does population growth increase the global demand for food

A

Increase calorie consumption

More food in demand

42
Q

How does economic growth increase the global demand for food

A

Increase in wealth

Wider rand of food becomes affordable

Afford more amounts of food

43
Q

Factors affecting Food supply

A

Poverty - cant afford nutritional food

Climate - crop growth is affected which reduces food supply

Conflict - food can be destroyed or stolen, farmers have to flee

Technology - limits productivity

Peats and diseases - reduce harvest and carry diseases

Water supply - food production

44
Q

Social impacts of Food insecurity

A

Famine - widespread scarcity of food = death, malnutrition, weakens immunity

Increased competition can lead to conflict

Social unrest is related to rising prices in staple foods

45
Q

Economic impacts of Food insecurity

A

Food shortage = increase in prices - unaffordable

Limited access to food = diseases and under nutrition

46
Q

Environmental impacts of Food insecurity

A

Infertile land is used for local communities = crop growth is not supported

Overgrazing leaves soil exposed - soil erosion

47
Q

Strategies to increase food supply

A

Irrigation - artificially watering the land

Aeroponics - grown in air and sprayed with mists containing fine nutrients - speeds up growth

Hydroponics - Plants grown in water

The green revolution - focus on sustainability and community

Bio technology - modify products to create higher yield

Technology - speeds up production of crops

48
Q

Large scale agricultural development - Case Study

A

Algeria, Spain

49
Q

What is happening in Almeria, Spain

A

Large scale agricultural development

Out of season crops grown all year round

South-East of Spain

Largest concentration of greenhouses in the world

50
Q

Reasons for Growth in Almeria

A

Average temp is 20degrees - crops are grown all year round

Plastic have developed overtime to become suitable to build greenhouses

Almost all crops are growth with hydroponics - no soil

51
Q

Economic advantages and disadvantage of Almeria

A

Large amounts of cheap temporary labour keeps costs low

Contributes 1.5 billion to Spain’s economy annually

52
Q

Social advantages and disadvantages to Almeria

A

Immigrant labour is paid very low wages - work in poor conditions

Temperatures are very high - workers struggle in theses conditions

53
Q

Environmental advantages and disadvantages of Almeria

A

Water efficiency has improved
greenhouses have white surface = cooling effect

Litter and large amounts of plastic at sea
Production requires more rainfall than available

54
Q

Increasing sustainable supply of food

A

Permanent Agriculture - uses natural predators to control, instead of chemical pesticides

Urban farming - Gardens are created on unused land in urban areas

Sustainable meat and fish - traditional method of grazing animals and fishing in areas were propulation is maintained

55
Q

Difference between food loss and food waste

A

Food loss - deterioration after harvest

Food Waste - reaches consumer and is thrown away or gone off

56
Q

Reducing food loss

A

Invest money in poorer areas
- better access to pest control
- better facilities

57
Q

Reducing food waste

A

Reduce portion sizes

Plan shopping

Store food correctly

follow expiration date

Compost waste

58
Q

An example of a local scheme to increase sustainability of food

A

Jamalpur, Bangladesh

59
Q

Background Knowledge of Jamalpur

A

Physical geography - low lying land, lots of rivers, 1500-4000mm rainfall a year

Human geography - Densely populated, a large section working in agriculture

60
Q

Aim of Jamalpur

A

To improve food and nutritional security of resources for poor farmers

61
Q

Practical action taken in Jamalpur

A

Increase agriculture production

Increase income and nutritional and live hood security

Increase farming productivity

62
Q

Previous struggles of Jamalpur

A

Each farmers own small areas of land

Struggle to support family - hungry for days

63
Q

evaluation of Jamalpur

A

Not suitable for all countries - only rice farming areas with similar climates and needs

Solves nutritional poverty

Family can invest in better technology and education

Provides a steady income - social activities

AQA GCSE Geography (16 decks)

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