Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Urban Environments > Flashcards

Urban Environments Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

urbanisation

A

the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

trends in urbanisation between LICs and HICs

A

-emerging and developed countries have highest levels of urbanisation
-lowest levels of urbanisation in Africa and SE Asia
-urban population increasing proportionally faster than world’s population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when did the world’s urban population surpass 50% of th world’s population

A

2008

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

expected urban population in 2050 and 2100

A

66%% in 2050
75% in 2100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

suburbanisation

A

-urban settlements grow towards the suburbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

causes of suburbanisation

A

-better transport links between suburbs and CBD
-CBD push factors(congestion, overcrowding, pollution)
-suburban pull factors(less pollution, greener, more space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dormitory settlement

A

areas on the rural urban fringe where residents mainly sleep and then commute to the CBD for work(very quiet during the day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

counter urbanisation

A

-people leave the RUF and move out to rural areas.
-encourages decentralisation of activities away from the CBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

urban regeneration

A

-central urban areas that were decentralised and went into decline and are being redeveloped
-locals that remained there become prices out due to rising house prices there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

factors affecting the rate of urbanisation

A

-rate of population growth
-high rates of rural-urban migration
-high rates of natural increase
-rate of economic development
-multiplier effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rural dilution

A

when urban areas expand into more rural areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

millionaire city

A

city with more than 1 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

megacity

A

city with more than 10 million people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

global/world city

A

city with global significance e.g. culturally or financially
Example: Tokyo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

factors affecing the emergence of megacities

A

-urban agglomerations due to people and economic activites concentrating at favourable locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

problems with rapid urbanisation

A

-Housing, high demand: slums form as housing becomes too expensive in urban areas
-Access to water and electricity: streams can be polluted with sewerage: some in LICs rely on fuelwood
-Congestion and Transport: overcrowded, air pollution
-Employment: many unable to find work once migrated to cities, end up in informal sectors
-high crime rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

urban challenges in developing countries

A

-squatter settlements
-informal economy
-urban pollution
-low quality of life

18
Q

Cycle of poverty

A

-children into poor families
-hunger and malnutrition leads to stunted development
-becomes disadvantages in education and skills
-unable to find employment, financially unstable
-falls back into poverty and unable to escape the cycle

19
Q

factors affecting urban land use patterns

A

-prices of land, increases towards the city centre so only some users can afford it
-historic reasons such as being next to a river
-transport routeways offers points of access so housing or industry can develop next to points of accessibility

20
Q

how does land value affect urban land use patterns

A

-urban land markets sells to highest bidder, Retail normally makes the best use of land financially

21
Q

bid rent theory

A

how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district increases

22
Q

peak land value intersection

A

land value is highest in CBD and declines outwards, with SLVI around major intersections with good transport links

23
Q

how does locational needs affect urban land use patterns

A

certain businesses may accrete together due to making best use of similar infrastructure needed

24
Q

3 land use models

A

-Burgess concentric model
-Hoyt sector model
-Waugh’s Latin America Model

25
Q

greenfield site

A

land not previously used for urban development

26
Q

brownfield site

A

land that has been previously use, abandoned and now awaits a new use

27
Q

advantages of brownfield sites

A

-reduces the loss of countryside and land that might be put to agricultural or recreational use
-helps to revive old and disused urban areas
-services already in place
-located near to main areas of employment

28
Q

disadvantages of brownfield sites

A

-often more expensive as old buildings have to be cleared and land made free of pollution
-often surrounded by rundown areas so does not appeal to more wealthy people as residential locations
-higher levels of pollution; less healthy
-may not have good access by road

29
Q

advantages of greenfield sites

A

-relatively cheap and rates of house buildings are faster
-the layout is not hampered by previous development so can easily be made efficient and pleasant
-healthier environment
-proximity of countryside, leisure and recreation

30
Q

disadvantages of greenfield sites

A

-valuable farmland, recreational space and attractive scenery lost
-development causes noise and light pollution in the surrounding countryside
-wildlife and their habitats lost
-encourages further suburban sprawl

31
Q

top down vision Mumbai features

A

-want to build on land with slums, so they legally have to relocate the slum dwellers
-relocates slum dwellers to purpose built blocks leading to problems with seeing family and friends in the city
-residents have their own toilets, kitchens etc inside their homes
-still cramped spaces shared with other families. complexes have no shared communal spaces, which they had in the slums

32
Q

bottom up SPARC NGO features

A

-works on sanitation and provided individual or community toilets in several states
-support communities to explore range of solutions which will improve the quality of their lives
-working to build housing across India that is affordable

33
Q

SMILE FOUNDATION NGO features

A

smile on wheels project with mobile health clinics

34
Q

urban challenges in LONDON

A

Transport and pollution: high NO@ levels due to congestion
Energy: not enough energy to keep homes warm due to high energy costs and low incomes
Food: lots of food in UK is imported, increasing costs for consumers due to border checks, leading to food insecurity
Waste: London’s ecological footprint is greater than its biocapacity, most food is not recycled
Segregation: big economic disparity, ethnic segregation and studentification

35
Q

urban challenges in Mumbai

A

-Squatter settlements: basic services not provided, hazardous approach of building
-Pollution: major problem due to sewage disposal as many share one toilet
-informal economy: those in recycling industry work in hazardous conditions and fail to get formal recognition from the authorities, leading to low QOL

36
Q

strategies to improve transport issues in London

A

Cycle super highways and bike sheds: encourages more people to cycle
-New Victoria underground line: new line through London adding more capacity, encouraging more people to take the underground
-Hydrogen cell buses: reduces air pollution

37
Q

strategies to improve energy issues in London

A

-footfall harvesting: producing energy from pedestrians
-biofuels: some London taxi’s run on restaurant oil

38
Q

strategies to improve food issues in London

A

-vertical farming and urban gardening: increases sustainability of food supply for cities
-food banks : give out food

39
Q

strategies to improve waste issues in London

A

Waste Hierarchy: achieves zero waste to landfills in 2025
Circular city model instead of a linear model, where organic and inorganic waste is recycled

40
Q

strategies to reduce segregation in London

A

-Become world’s first National Park City: improve life in London by making city greener, healthier, increasing QOL of residents

Geography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions