Case Studies Flashcards
how does a developed country manage its coast
UK, Holderness Coast
-beach nourishment at Mappleton to produce a sandy beach and protect the town
-sea wall and riprap at Withernsea to widen beach and reduce wave energy
-popular tourist destination, so management protects hotels and creating sandy beaches
main conflicts along the coast of a named country
UK - Holderness Coast
-groynes used at Mappleton prevents sediment from moving south, increasing erosion at Great Cowden, destroying farms and chalets
-sea defences negatively impact tourism and reduce amount of money coming into the area
Coastal management in LIC
-Sri Lanka
-Coastal Zone Management Plan: improves early warning systems for tsunamis and educated the public about what to do in a major tsunami
-implemented detached breakwaters. This has been successful in reducing erosion in coastal areas
Coastal Management in HIC
-Holderness Coast, UK
-Coast at Withernsea: new wave return wall built, and rip-raps and beach nourishment has been used as well
-Groynes repaired in Hornsea and new ones were build. Old seawall also raised slightly.
Abiotic and factors of a named coastal ecosystem
-Temperature - roughly needs to be at 25 degrees
-Sunlight - needed for photosynthesis
-Salinity - needed to prevent coral bleaching
Biotic and factors of a named coastal ecosystem
-thorns starfish that eat coral, which has increased in population due to overfishing of its predators
-unknown strains of zooxanthellae may be able cope with heat, forming a better partnership with the coral, and its growth could outpace bleaching
short and long term impacts of one earthquake
Short: damage of buildings; many schools, roads and historical sights in Syria were damaged. Runway of Hatay airport in Turkey was split and uplifted, preventing its use
Long: Children became vulnerable to exploitation and abuse after separation from family, causing trauma and mental health issues as well. Billions of damage worth that had to be spent by Turkey and Syria, preventing use of money on other issues
short and long term impacts of a volcano
Kilauea, Hawaii
Short:
-houses destroyed and roads blocked by lava
-Green Lake evaporated
Long term
-Geothermal power stations stopped operating
-lava created lots of new land; 32 square kilometres
short and long term impacts of a tropical cyclone
short:
-many properties destroyed and damaged, many power outages and broken roads
-many deaths and injuries from flooding and flying debris
Long:
-lack of clean drinking water in destroyed homes, outbreak of water-borne diseases
-farmland destroyed so many farmers lost a lot of income
preparation of earthquakes in a developing country
Nepal before 2015 EQ
-allocated 83 open spaces around Kathmandu to be used as camps for displaced population to be supplied key resources
-Nepal Red Cross society maintained 12 warehouses with stocks of emergency supplies
preparation for earthquakes in a developed country
Japan before 2011
-Earthquake drills practiced regularly so people know what to do immediately after an EQ
-designed and implements earthquake resistant buildings, over 80% of buildings in Tokyo
short term responses and relief of a developed country (earthquake)
Japan
-self defence force sent in to organise food, water, shelter and medicine
-temporary shelters set up in schools
-tsunami warning issued to give people 20min to find safety
-Japanese meteorological agency issued warnings before S waves to give people a chance to get out of buildings
short term response of a developing country
Nepal earthquake
-ten cities in Kathmandu provided shelter for people made homeless
-inflatable field hospitals set up to treat the injured
-NGOs sent air workers, food, water and medical supplies
long term planning of an earthquake in a developing country
Nepal
-national reconstruction authority created to ensure funding is distributed to help ppl rebuild homes
-increased education and practice of drills
-Asian Development Bank provided US$200m for rehabilitation
long term planning for a developed country
Japan
-built more resistant infrastructure and tightened building codes
-new tsunami walls constructed 30m high
-new 30m dollar warning system
positive impacts of economic sector shifts in a named developed country
Ethiopia
-Foreign investors are beginning to take interest in the country, and availability of cheap labour attracts TNCs setting up factories, providing more employment
-higher income, quality of life increases
negative impacts of economic sector shifts of a developing country
Ethiopia
-Displacement of farmers due to commercial agriculture, losing jobs and income
-increase in food shortages, as commercial agriculture focuses on export to make money, leading to famines
positive impacts of economic sector shifts in a developed country
UK
-more jobs in tertiary and quaternary sector = more innovation in sustainability and new technologies
-higher income of workers, multiplier effect, higher quality of life
negative impacts of economic sector shifts in a developed country
UK
-people lose jobs, higher unemployment, cannot earn an income and lower quality of life
-depopulation in some rural areas, leading to shop closures and drop in house prices
causes of informal employment in a named megacity
Dhaka
-mechanisation replacing primary sector, so there is rural to urban migration, but many are not educated and cannot get jobs in the formal sector
-excess of labour, do there is underemployment and unemployment, so people have no choice but to work in the informal economy
advantages of informal economy
Dhaka, Bangladesh
-not taxed, so more take-home profit
-provide income for uneducated people, allowing them to survive, and to educate children
disadvantages of informal economy
Dhaka
-many work in dangerous conditions, carrying excessive loads and inhaling toxic fumes
-lack of protection in event of non-payment wages, lay-offs without notice and unsafe working conditions
how is energy sustainably managed in a developed country
UK
-construction of new offshore wind farms like Dogger bank, so energy is more secure and sustainable
-rollout of smart meters, so people can see how much electricity they are using and set gaols to reduce wasted electricity
-All coal-fired power stations to be shut by 2025
how is energy sustainably managed in a developing country
China
-Passive housing with good thermal insulation to reduce less electricity, making energy use more sustainable
-business leaders and government authorities are educated on the need sustainable use of energy
-investments in transport sector, especially in green public transport
