Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > Globalisation And Migration > Flashcards

Globalisation And Migration Flashcards

1
Q

Globalisation and explanation of it

A

-Primarily economic process by which the countries of the world are being gradually drawn into a single global economy
-other countries increasingly dependent and interconnected
-economic decisions in one country affect other ones
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

More economic opportunities
Easier to get to other countries
More cultures in the country, easier to integrate
Better communication, knowing about countries
Business migrants

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors that has allowed globalisation

A

-TNCS - operate in a number of countries and involved in many economic activity, they link countries together
-trade blocs - a group of countries drawn together by trade agreements promoting free trade
-modern transport networks - connect countries together as transport is quicker and cheaper for goods and people. Countries are more interconnected
-advances in ICT - we of computers allow faster management, processing and communications, data and decisions can get anywhere in the world fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trade bloc

A

A group of countries drawn together by trade agreements promoting free trade between them like the EU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What has globalisation allowed in terms of movement of things

A

-trade - import or export of goods
-Foreign investment - TNCs help economic growth by opening branches in other countries. They can also buy companies that already have brand recognition instead of starting new ones
-Aid - grows economy and allows them to participate in global trade
-information
-labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Capitalism

A

-economic system where the government plays a secondary role
-people and companies make most of the decisions and own most of the property
-production is privately own and operated for profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Emergency aid

A

Aid given after sudden disasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conditional/tied aid

A

-one country donates money or resources to another but conditions are attached (typically in favour of the donor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Charitable aid

A

-funded by donations from the public through organisations such as Oxfam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Long term/development aid

A

Providing local communities with education and skills for sustainable development usually through organisations (e.g. practical action)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multilateral aid

A

Given through international organisation such as the world bank rather than one specific country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Labour

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do TNCs establish large supply chains

A

-enter large markets
-cheaper labour to reduce costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WTO and what it does

A

Word Trade Organisation

-open markets to free trade and make sure certain rules are respected
-establish rules that govern international trade
-benefits HICs more than LICs as they export more goods than LICs and profit more from international trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IMF and what it does

A

International Monetary Fund

-HICs give money to IMF
-IMF gives countries to struggling counties
-beneficial as LICs are in debt that collapse can longer pay back their debt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

World Bank

A

-countries give money to the world bank
-reduces poverty by lending money to the government of its poorer members to improve their economies and standard of living of their people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NGOs

A

Non governmental organisations

-non profit group that functions independent of any government
-help people who are suffering from poverty, lack of food/water, clothes etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Benefits of globalisation

A

-world become richer
-inward investment by TNCS provide jobs and skills for local people
-in wealth and foreign currencies from TNCs can be spent on education etc, foreign currencies that are strong are beneficial
-increases awareness of events in rural parts of the world to share can receive aid
-makes people aware of global issues like deforestation and global warming for sustainable ebelopment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Negatives of globalisation

A

-operates in the interest of HICs, not LICs as HICs get cheap labour and raw material from LICs and benefit and get more profit from the exports
-profits in LICs are often sent back to HICs where TNCs are based so there is less inward investment to the local community
-TNCs drive local businesses due to their economics of scale, if they move to another country, local people can be made redundant too
-TNCs pollute the environment, run risks with safety or enforce poor working conditions as there are no enforced international working hours or conditions
-threats to world cultural diversity and might drown out local traditions, languages and economies and recast the world in the mould of capitalist HICs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births in a population per year per 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths in a population per year per 1000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Natural change

A

The balance between brith rate and death rate in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Net migration

A

Balance between the number of people entering and the number of people leaving a country or region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Voluntary migration

A

Migration that occurs when people choose either to move inside their own country or emigrate to another country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Reasons for voluntary migration
-employment - high wages, quality of life -retirement migration
26
Forced migration
Migration that occurs when people have no choice but to move internally or internationally
27
Reasons for forced migration
Natural hazards Persecution (sometimes during ethnic cleansing)
28
Circulation
–temporary absences from a permanent residence -usually seasonsal
29
Refugee
A person who due to a reasonable fear of being persecuted, lives outside their country of nationality (can be due to other reasons)
30
Asylum seeker
-a refugee who has applied to become a citizen of the country where they have sought protection
31
Internally displaced person
A person forced to flee their home for the same reasons as a refugee but they do not cross an internationally recognised boarders
32
Push and pull factors
Push factors causes someone to leave Pull factors attracts someone to another location
33
Pull factors
-cheap land -no hazards -marriages and family ties -work opportunities -better quality of life -welfare services -personal security -freedom of speech
34
Push factors
-harsh climate -inaccessibility -unemployment -poverty -heavy taxes -shortage of housing -civil war -ethnic cleaning
35
Lees push pull theory
-intervening obstacles, push pull factors are all factors in the decision to migrate
36
Intervening obstacles
-paper work (visa) -distance -cost -language
37
Economic causes for the rise of tourism
-steadily rising real income (includes inflation) -decreasing real costs of holiday -widening range of destinations within the middle-income range -expansion of budget airlines -‘air miles’ and retail reward schemes -globalisation increased international businesses, more business trips -introduction of package holidays allows more people to travel than could not previously
38
Social causes for the rise of tourism
-increase in the average number of paid days of leaves -increasing desire to experience different cultures and landscapes -raised expectations of international travel with increasing media coverage -high levels of international migration over the last decade, more people have relatives and friends living abroad
39
Political causes for the rise in tourism
-governments invest to encourage tourism for more money coming into the country -government-backed international events like Olympics
40
Economic impacts of tourism
+labour intensive, creating many jobs directly (transport, hospitality) and indirectly (selling goods) +puts money into people’s pockets, and through the multiplier effect the whole economy benefits -puts money back into TNC HQs typically (economic leakages) ($100 spent, only $5 remains in the host community)
41
Cultural impacts of tourism
+can revive handicrafts and art -largely negative impact for hosts, increased tensions between locals and tourists
42
Environmental impact of tourism
-depletion of local natural resources including loss of ecosystems -pollution and waste problems -overconsumption pressures places where resources are scarce -contributes to GHGs (25% increase in CO2 from tourism compared to 2016 estimated)
43
Ecotourism
A form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism
44
Geopolitical
-the study of the relationships between countries and the influence of geographical factors on these relationships -relating to claims and disputes concerning borders, territories and resources -power and influence of individual countries over others
45
What is a superpower
A nation with a global sphere of influence
46
What is a regional power
A nation with a local sphere of influence
47
What are hard powers
-Where a country expresses its influence through coercive measures -can be economic sanctions or military force of threat
48
What are soft powers
where a country expresses its influence through its economic, political, moral or cultural influence. It does not physically enforce anything in another country
49
How does geopolitics affect trade
-trade blocs -multinational organisations like the WTO and the quad have more priority -geopolitical events for foreign exchange and stock markets like when the LSE lost 6% of its value after 9/11) -trade wars e.g. USA vs China 19/20 (tries to damage each other’s trade by tariffs)
50
How does geopolitics affect migration
-influences the direction of migration -more powerful countries have more control on migration than weaker ones -geopolitical tensions and pressures created by large scale migration crises like Ukraine
51
How does geopolitics affect tourism
-powerful countries draw tourists from other countries from soft power -hostilities between countries have an influence, and a countries relationship with the global stage e.g. North Korea -e.g. Trump enforced a temporary travel ban that block people from parts of Africa from being able to travel to America for 90 days
52
Evidence for globalisation
-production change which have stages at different countries -call centres for HICs are usually in LICs like India
53
Positives impact of voluntary international migration on migrator
-high wages with better job security -wider choice of job opportunities -ability to support wider family with remittances -better housing and improved facilities
54
Negative impacts of voluntary internal migration on migrator
-financial costs are higher -separation fro wider family and friends -exposure to possible ethnic discrimination -language barrier -regret and homesickness
55
Positive impacts of voluntary internal migration on migrator
-change of lifestyle -cheaper cost of living -different opportunities -urban to rural for extra space -rural to urban for job opportunities -improved availability of health, social and leisure facilities ;
56
Negative impacts of voluntary internal migration on the migrator
-lack of employment or unemployment -poor or slum housing -urban poverty -regret and homesickness -no friends or family -limited access to facilities
57
Forced intentional migration positive impacts on the migrator
-safety from conflict -better opportunity for employment -improved education
58
Negative impacts of forced intentional migration on the migrator
-few job opportunities -exposure to discrimination -abandonment of family and friends -overcrowded camps with disease -fatigue and hunger from travel -PTSD and long therm health issue from experience -lack of money and exposure to exploitation
59
Positive impacts of forced internal igration
-safety from hazards or conflict -improved healthcare -better opportunities -access to facilities -better education -improved housing
60
Negative impacts of forced internal migration on the migrator
-loss of home, family and friends -loss of sense of belonging to a community -cost of starting all over again -anxiety about finding a new -fatigue and abandonment -the stress of fitting into a new community
61
Positive impacts for origin of migration

Geography (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions