Upper respiratory tract

Question 1

Sinusitis

Answer 1

• inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

- Air spaces surrounding the nose

Question 2

Types of sinusitis

Answer 2

Acute - upto 4 weeks
Subacute - (1-3 months)
Chronic - >3 months

Question 3

Nasal sinus

Answer 3

• Walls of mucosal epithelium

• Goblet cells - mucus
• Columnar cells - cilia moves particles down nsal passages

Question 4

Causes of acute sinusitis

Answer 4

1. Viral (usually)
• Rhinovirus, parainfluenza, influenza virus
2. Bacterial
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenza

Question 5

Pathophys of sinusitis

Answer 5

1. Goblet cells secrete mucus
2. Immune cells fight off pathogen
3. Pus - mixtures of pathogens, immune cells and dead tissue develops

Question 6

Symptoms

Answer 6

Assoc with mucus build up
• Facial pain
• Pressure in face
• Headache
•Fevers with bacterial infection
• Change in voice, sense of smell and taste

Question 7

Rhinovirus

Answer 7

• common cold and most common in children
• Can cause
- Rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis

Question 8

Rhinitis

Answer 8

• Infection of the nasal cavity
• most common cause is Rhinovirus
• Runny nose and sneezing

Question 9

Pharyngitis

Answer 9

• infection of the pharynx
• Viruses such as Rhinovirus travel beyond nose
• Bacteria can cause it too
• Sore throat

Question 10

Tonsillitis

Answer 10

• Infection spreads to tonsils

* Pain and swelling

Question 11

Laryngitis

Answer 11

• Infection of the larynx
• Virus - Rhinovirus/influenza
• Bacteria - espec haemophilius influenza
• Hoarse voice and dry cough

Question 12

Symptoms of Upper resp tract infection

Answer 12

1. Fatigue, loss of appetite and fever