Obstructive sleep apnea

Question 1

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 1

• Obstruction of the upper airways during sleep
• More ovbious at night as hormonal around the airways cause muscle to become relax slightly during sleeping
• Less able to keep airway open

Question 2

Causes of sleep apnea

Answer 2

• Allergies
• Swollen adentoid tonsils
• Severe underbite
• Overweight - excessive fat tissue around the neck

Question 3

Central sleep apnea

Answer 3

disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
Brain stops making effort to breathe

Question 4

Rhythm of central sleep apnea

Answer 4

1. Hyperpnea - directs lungs to hyperventilate by increasing resp rate
2. Hypocapnia - rapid breathing results in drop in blood co2 levels
3. Apnea - when blood CO2 levels fall behind crtain threshold, no effort made to breathe
4. Hypercapnia - CO2 levels rise above normal levels

Body goes between making no effort to breathe and hyperventilation

Question 5

Symptoms of sleep apnea

Answer 5

• Snoring
• Choking during sleep
• Excessive daytime sleepiness due to fragmented sleep
• Nocturia

Question 6

Narcolepsy pathophys

Answer 6

inability to regulate sleep/wake cycles

1. Autoimmune condition damages neurons which branchto lateral hypothalamus and secrete orexin A and B
2. Orexin A and B stimulate wakefullness in this area of the brain
3. Prevents sleep symtpoms and inappropriate transitions into seep

Question 7

Symtoms of narcolepsy

Answer 7

1. Fall directly to REM sleep
2. Cataplexy - strong emotions induce transient muscle weakness
3. Sleep paralysis
4. Hypocopnic hallucination

Question 8

Non resp sleep disorders

Answer 8

1. Narcolepsy
2. Restless leg
3. Parasomnia

Question 9

Parasomnia

Answer 9

automatic activ