Pneumonia Flashcards
Pneumonia
infection in the lungs caused by microbes
- > causes inflammation of lung tissue
- > inflammation brings water in the lungs
- > makes it difficult to breathe
VIRUS CAUSE PNEUMONIA
• Influenza
Bacteria causes of pneumonia
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
( most common cause of community acq)
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcus Aureus
Community Acquired Pneumonia
• Acquires pneumonia outside health care setting
Hospital acquired pneumonia
• Patient is already sick in hospital
- Serious
• Sick patient have weakened immune system
• Microbes in hospitals are more to antibiotics
Ventilator assoc pneumonia
- Subset of hospital acquired
- Biofilm of bacteria form on tube
- Patient is weak and unable to cough
- Infection shifts down into lung
Aspiration pneumonia
Food, drink and gastric contents which are not sterile enter the lung
Pneumonia categories
- Bronchopneumonia - can be throughout the lungs involving bronchioles and alveoli
- Interstitial - infection only outisde alveoli
- Lobar - consolidation of whole lung lobe filled w fluid
Lobar peneumonia (category)
- Congestion - blood vessels and alveoli fill with excess fluid
- Red hepatization
• Exudate ( RBC, neutrophil, fibrin) fill airspaces and make them more solid - Gray hepatization
• lungs still firm
• rbc stat to break down - Resolution ( Day 8 - 3 weeks)
• Exudate is digested, ingested or coughed up
Symptoms
- Dyspnea - shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Productive cough - pus/
- Systemic - fever//fatigue
- Haemoptysis is not common
Diagnosis
- Patient is working hard to breathe
• Dullness to percussion - lung consolidation
• Tactile vocal fremitus - more vibrations from person’s back on repeating certain phrases
Signs of lung consolidation
- Dullness to percussion
- Bronchiole breathing
- Local inspiratory crackles
Investigation
- Sputum - gram strain of sputum to identify pathogen
- Chest X ray
- Blood cultures
WHO pneumonia
Cough + difficulty breathing
Typical bacterial infection symptions
• Fever>38.5degrees
- Resp rate >50 breaths per min
- Chest recession
- Absence of wheeze
- Abdominal pain
- CXR gives consolidation