Restrictive lung disease

Question 1

Interstitial lung disease

Answer 1

1. Interstitial - lung tissue is damaged, hard and stiff
   - Won’t easily allow air to enter during inhalation
   - reducing lung volume

Question 2

Two types of restrictive lung disease

Answer 2

1. Interstitial lung disease

2. Extrapulmonary lung disease

Question 3

Extrapulmonary lung disease

Answer 3

2. Extrapulmonary
   - structures around the lung are damaged
   - prevents chest expansion

Question 4

Interstitial lung disease types

Answer 4

• Pneumoconiosis -occupation exposure of toxins
- triggers immune response to damage lung tissue

• Sarcoidosis - systemic disease where immune cells form granulomas in lymph node and hilum of lungs
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - healthy lung tissue is replaced by fibrosis

Question 5

Impact of interstitial lung disease

Answer 5

1. Widespread vasoconstriction
   • Increased resistance
   • Pulmonary hypertension
   • Right side heart failure

Question 6

Extra pulmonary causes

Answer 6

1. Pectus escavatus
2. Obesity
3. Pleural effusion
4. Myasthenia gravis - destroys neurons at neuromuscular junctions

Question 7

Symptoms of interstial lung disease

Answer 7

1. Cough

2. Shortness of breath

Question 8

Diagnosis of interstitial lung disease

Answer 8

1. Spirometry
2. Decreased
   • TLC
   • FVC
   • FEV1
3. Increase/normal
   • FEV1:FVC - FVC is reduced more than FEV 1 bcos fibrotic lung provide elastic recoil so air pushed out faster

Question 9

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 9

• group of disease leading to interstitial lung damage and fibrois

Question 10

Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 10

1. lung tissue become thickened and stiffened
2. Scar tissue called fibrosis forms
   • Increases thickness of alveolar- capillary

Question 11

Clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 11

1. Dry cough
2. Shortness of breath
3. Clubbing
4. Fine inspiratory crackles in the lung bases