Upper Respiratory

Question 1

Inflammation of nasal mucosa

Answer 1

Allergic Rhinitis (allergies)

Question 2

Episodic allergies

Answer 2

sporadic exposure

Question 3

Intermittent allergies

Answer 3

less than 4 days/week or less than 4 weeks/year

Question 4

Persistent allergies

Answer 4

greater than 4 days/week or greater than 4 weeks/year

Question 5

Manifestations of allergies

Answer 5

Sneezing; watery, itchy eyes and nose; congestion, decreased smell, thin watery nasal drainage
2. Pale, boggy, swollen turbinate’s

Question 6

Chronic Exposure allergies

Answer 6

Headache
Nasal congestion/sinus pressure
Hoarseness
Cough

Question 7

Allergy management

Answer 7

Identify & avoid triggers

Reduce inflammation& symptoms

Question 8

i. Common cold—greater than 200 viruses; coronavirus

ii. Contagious: airborne droplets or contact

Answer 8

Acute Viral Rhinopharyngitis

Question 9

Colds are influenced by

Answer 9

fatigue, stress, allergies, and altered immune status

Question 10

Acute Viral Rhinopharyngitis Symptoms

Answer 10

Runny nose, watery eyes, nasal congestions, sneezing, coughing, sore throat, fever, headache, fatigue

Question 11

Acute Viral Rhinopharyngitis Management

Answer 11

2. Vitamin C, Echinacea, Zinc (Complementary and Alternative Therapies)
3. 2,000ml of fluids

Question 12

No what for a cold?

Answer 12

antibiotics unless complications (bacterial)

Question 13

Chronic disease for management of a cold report:

Answer 13

sputum changes, short of breath, chest tightness

Question 14

1. Mutated viruses —no immunity
2. Pandemics (worldwide spread)
3. Epidemics (localized outbreaks)
4. Most common & virulent

Answer 14

Influenza A

Question 15

Influenza transmission: infected droplets start

Answer 15

1 day before onset symptoms

lasts 5-7 days

Question 16

Manifestations of influenza: Abrupt onset

Answer 16

7 days: chills, fever, myalgia, headache, cough, sore throat, fatigue

Question 17

Complications of Influenza

Answer 17

Pneumonia, ear/sinus infections

older adults- weak/lethargic

Question 18

Vaccine takes how long for antibody production

Answer 18

2 weeks

Question 19

1. shorten duration of symptoms and reduce risk of complications
2. Must be started within 48 hours of symptom onset

Answer 19

Antivirals

Question 20

Inflammation of sinus mucosa results in blockage and accumulated secretions

Answer 20

Sinusitis (common complication after a common cold, sinus infection)

Question 21

Acute Manifestations Sinusitis

Answer 21

1-less than 4 weeks; pain/tenderness, purulent drainage, congestion, fever, malaise, headaches, halitosis

Question 22

Chronic Manifestations Sinusitis

Answer 22

12 weeks or more; facial or dental pain, congestion, increased drainage

Question 23

Management of sinusitis

Answer 23

Rest, hydration, humidifier, warm compresses, HOB up, meds as prescribed; No smoking

Question 24

Sore throat; Inflammation of pharyngeal walls; tonsils, palate, uvula

Answer 24

Acute Pharyngitis

Question 25

Causes of Acute Pharyngitis

Answer 25

Viral (90%), bacterial (strep throat), fungal (candidiasis)

Question 26

Classic Manifestations Acute Pharyngitis

Answer 26

fever greater than 38° C (100.4), cervical lymph node enlargement, pharyngeal exudate, absent cough

Question 27

bacterial pharyngitis goals

Answer 27

antibiotics, PCN (penicillin) for strep

Question 28

Candida treatment

Answer 28

anti fungal (swish & swallow)

Question 29

common complication after a common cold, sinus infection

Answer 29

sinusitis