IV Fluid & Electrolytes

Question 1

i. Lower osmolality when compared to plasma; More water than electrolytes
1. Dilutes ECF
ii. Water moves from ECF to ICF by osmosis
iii. Usually maintenance fluids

Answer 1

Hypotonic

Question 2

i. Similar osmolality to ECF
1. Expands only ECF
ii. No net loss or gain from ICF
iii. Ideal to replace ECF volume deficit

Answer 2

Isotonic

Question 3

a. Technically isotonic
i. Dextrose quickly metabolizes
ii. Net result free water
b. Provides 170 cal/L

Answer 3

D5W

Question 4

Used to replace water losses, helps prevent ketosis

Answer 4

D5W

Question 5

b. Isotonic
c. Slightly more NaCl than ECF
d. Used when both fluid and sodium lost
i. Diarrhea & vomiting

Answer 5

NS

Question 6

Only solution used with blood

Answer 6

NS

Question 7

a. Isotonic
b. Contains sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and lactate
c. Expands ECF—treat burns and GI losses

Answer 7

Lactated Ringer Solution

Question 8

i. Higher osmolality compared with plasma
ii. Draws water out of cells into ECF
iii. Require frequent monitoring of
1. Blood pressure
2. Lung sounds
3. Serum sodium levels

Answer 8

Hypertonic

Question 9

a. Hypertonic
b. Common maintenance fluid
c. Replaces fluid loss
d. KCl added for maintenance or replacement

Answer 9

D5 1/2 NS

Question 10

a. Hypertonic
b. Provides 340 kcal/L
c. Provides free water but no electrolytes
d. Limit of dextrose concentration that may be infused peripherally

Answer 10

D10W