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OSPE OV > Upper Limbs > Flashcards

Upper Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Movements possible around scapulo-thoracic joint

A

Protraction (anterior movement of scapula due to abduction)
Retraction (posterior movement of scapula due to adduction)
Elevation
Depression

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2
Q

Muscles involved in protraction STJ

A

Pec major

Serratus anterior

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3
Q

Muscles involved in retraction STJ

A

Rhomboids
Middle trapezius
Lat dorsi

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4
Q

Muscles involved in elevation STJ

A

Superior trapezius
Lavator scapulae
Rhomboids

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5
Q

Muscles involved in depression around STJ

A

Inferior trapezius
Pec minor
Serratus anterior

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6
Q

Movements possible around shoulder joint

A 
Flexion
Extension 
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
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7
Q

Muscles involved in flexion shoulder joint

A

Pec major

Deltoid

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8
Q

Muscles involved in extension shoulder

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid

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9
Q

Muscles involved in abduction shoulder

A

Supraspinatus for first 15 degrees

Then central deltoid

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10
Q

Muscles for adduction of shoulder

A

Pec major

Lat dorsi

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11
Q

Muscles for flexion at elbow joint

A

Biceps
Brachialis
Brachoradialis
Pronator teres

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12
Q

Muscles for extension at elbow joint

A

Triceps

Anconeus

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13
Q

Test for trapezius muscle

A

Shrug shoulders- accessory nerve

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14
Q

Nerve associated with trapezius test

A

Accessory

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15
Q

Test for sternocleomastoid muscle

A

Turn head

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16
Q

Nerve associated with sternocleomastoid test

A

Accessory

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17
Q

Test for serratus anterior

A

Push against wall- check for winging of scapula

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18
Q

Nerve associated with test for serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic

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19
Q

Test for pectoral muscles

A

Resist adduction

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20
Q

Nerve associated with pectoral muscle test

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

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21
Q

Test for deltoid

A

Resist abduction

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22
Q

Nerve tested for with deltoid test

A

Axillary from C5/6

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23
Q

Test supraspinatus muscle

A

Abduction against resistance first 15 degrees

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24
Q

Test for infraspinatus muscle

A

External rotation against resistance

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25
Q

Test for teres minor

A

External rotation against resistance

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26
Q

Test for infraspinatus muscle

A

External rotation against resistance

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27
Q

Test for biceps

A

Flex forearm against resistance

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28
Q

Test for triceps

A

Extend flexed forearm against resistance

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29
Q

Nerve associated with bicep test

A

Musculocutaneous C5/6

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30
Q

Nerve tested in tricep test

A

Radial C/7/8

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31
Q

Where to palpate subclavian artery

A

Supraclavicular region between clavicle and sternocleidomastoid muscle

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32
Q

Where to palpate axillary artery

A

Medial side of the humerus, posterior to tendon of the short head of biceps

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33
Q

Palpating brachial artery in arm

A

Against humerus in medial bicipital groove shaft

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34
Q

Palpating brachial pulse in the cubital fossa

A

Cubital fossa medial to biceps tendon

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35
Q

Veins able to surface mark in arm

A

Basilic
Cephalic
Median cubital

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36
Q

C4 dermatome

A

Shoulder

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37
Q

C5 dermatome

A

Lateral side of arm

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38
Q

C6 dermatome

A

Lateral side of forearm and thumb

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39
Q

C7 dermatome

A

Middle and ring finger

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40
Q

C8 dermatome

A

Medial side of hand forearm and little finger

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41
Q

T1 dermatome

A

Medial side of upper forearm and arm

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42
Q

T2 dermatome

A

Axilla

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43
Q

Base of axilla boundary

A

Skin fascia and subcutaneous tissue extending from arm to chest

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44
Q

Axilla apex boundary

A

Between first rib, clavicle and sup border of subscapularis muscle

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45
Q

Anterior border of axilla

A

Pec major and pec minor

46
Q

Posterior boundary of axilla

A

Scapula with subscapularis superiorly and lat dorsi inferiorly

47
Q

Medial boundary of axilla

A

Chest wall ribs 1-4 and serratus anterior

48
Q

Lateral wall of axilla

A

Intertubercular groove of humerus

49
Q

Movements around proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints

A

Pronation

Supination

50
Q

Muscles for pronation

A

Pronator quadratus

Pronator teres

51
Q

Muscles for supination

A

Supinator

Biceps

52
Q

Muscles for flexion at wrist

A 
FCR
FCU
Flexors of digits and thumb
Palmaris longus
Abductor pollicis longaris
53
Q

Muscles for extension of wrist

A

Both ECR
EC ulnaris
Extensors of thumbs and fingers

54
Q

Muscles for ulnar deviation

A

Both carpi ulnaris

Flexor and extensor

55
Q

Muscles for radial deviation

A

FCR
Both ECR
APL
Extensor pollicis brevis

56
Q

Test for pronation

A

Pronate arm

57
Q

Nerve involved in pronation

A

Median C6-8 T1

58
Q

Test for supination

A

Supinate arm

59
Q

Nerves involved in supination

A

Radial C5-8 T1

60
Q

How to test superficial flexors

A

Flex against resistance

61
Q

Nerves tested in superficial flexors of forearm

A

Median C6-7

Ulnar C7-8

62
Q

Testing digitorum superficilias

A

Flex fingers

63
Q

Nerve tested in flexing digitorum superficialis

A

Median C6-8 T1

64
Q

Test for digitorum profundus

A

Flex fingers

65
Q

Nerve tested when flexing little and index finger

A

Ulnar C8 T1

66
Q

Nerve tested when flexing middle and index fingers

A

C6-8 T1

67
Q

Nerve supplying flexor digitoris profundus attaching to little and ring finger

A

Ulnar

68
Q

Nerve supplying flexor digitoris profundus attaching to index and middle finger

A

Median C6-8 T1

69
Q

Test for extensors in the wrist

A

Extend wrist against resistance

70
Q

Nerve tested for in forearm extension

A

Radial

71
Q

Bicep tendon reflex test

A

Patient has arm draped down on leg with forearm slightly flexed
Thumb on top of bicep tendon with other things around arm not forearm
Tap thumb and look for contraction of bicep and flexion of forearm

72
Q

Nerve root tested in bicep reflex test

A

C5-6

73
Q

Tricep tendon test

A

Hold patients arm just above elbow with thumb over tricep tendon, make arm very relaxed
Tap tendon and look for tricep contraction and forearm extension

74
Q

Nerve root tested in tricep reflex test

A

C 7-8

75
Q

Supinator test reflex

A

Hold patents arm out slightly pronated and tap bump in radius near wrist

76
Q

Nerve root tested in supinator reflex

A

C5-6

77
Q

Borders of cubital fossa

A

Lateral - brachioradialis muscle
Medial - pronator teres
Superior - line between humeral epicondyles

78
Q

Borders of snuff box

A

APL and EPB anteriorly

EPL posteriorly

79
Q

Contents of snuff box

A

Scaphoid and radial artery

80
Q

Problem with broken scaphoid

A

Can rupture radial artery leading to avascular necrosis of scaphoid

81
Q

Test for flexor pollicis longus

A

Hold proximal phalanx whilst attempts to flex distal phalanx against resistance

82
Q

Test for extensor pollicis longus

A

Extend against resistance at interphalangeal joint

83
Q

Where can view extensor Pollicis longus

A

Medial border of snuff box

84
Q

Test for flexor digitorum profundus

A

Hold proximal interphalangeal joint and has to flex against resistance

85
Q

Test for flexor digitorum superficialis

A

All non test fingers are held fully extended while proximal IP joint is flexed against resistance

86
Q

Test for extensor digitorum

A

Forearm is pronated and all digits extended at MCP joints. Apply pressure to proximal phalanges and tendons should become visible on dorsal side of hand

87
Q

Test for dorsal interossei

A

Pronate wrist flat on desk and hold either side middle 3 fingers, ask patient to try and abduct the 3 fingers against your resistance

88
Q

Test for palmar interossei

A

Hold piece of paper between 2 fingers that are extended and adducted, you try and remove paper against their power adducting

89
Q

What is mallet finger

A

Happens in trauma injuries where distal phalanx is permanently flexed as the extensor tendon has been compromised

90
Q

2 possible pathological reasons for mallet finger

A

Tendon has come away from distal phalanx

Tendon has been severed

91
Q

Nerve for flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior interosseous branch of median- C8,T1

92
Q

Nerve for extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior interosseous branch of radial- C7,8

93
Q

Division of digits for nerve supplying flexor digitorum profundus

A

4th and 5th - ulnar C8 T1

1-3 - median C8 T1

94
Q

Nerve for flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median C7.8 T1

95
Q

Nerve for extensor digitorum

A

Radial C7,8

96
Q

Nerve for both Palmar and dorsal interossei

A

Ulnar C8 T1

97
Q

Palmar sensory innervation of hand

A

Little finger and half of ring finger - ulnar

Digits 1-3 and half of ring finger - median

98
Q

Dorsal sensory innervation of hand

A

Little and half of ring finger - ulnar
Distal ends of index, middle and half of ring finger- median
Thumb and rest of hand- radial

99
Q

Important thing to do when testing axillary, musculocutaneous and radial nerve

A

Look for atrophy and fasiculations

100
Q

Motor test for axillary nerve

A

Palpate shoulder when abduct shoulder against resistance

101
Q

Sensory test for axillary nerve

A

Superior lateral aspect of shoulder

102
Q

Motor test musculocutaneous nerve

A

Palpate biceps during resisted elbow flexion

103
Q

Sensory test for musculocutaneous nerve

A

Lateral aspect of forearm

104
Q

Motor test for radial nerve

A

Palpate triceps during resisted elbow extension

Resist wrist extension

105
Q

Sensory test for radial nerve

A

Dorsoradial aspect of wrist and hand

106
Q

Motor test for ulnar nerve

A

Test for dorsal interossei
Test for palmar interossei
Adductor pollicis test

107
Q

Sensory test for ulnar nerve

A

Little finger

108
Q

Motor test for median nerve

A

Put wrist in pronated position and ask them to maintain whilst you try and supinate

109
Q

Sensory test for median nerve

A

Thumb and index finger

110
Q

Pathology of median nerve

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

111
Q

What to do when entering room for limb station

A

Get full exposure

112
Q

What to do before carrying out sensory test on dermatomes

A

Close eyes

Rub on sternum first to check has idea

OSPE OV (7 decks)

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