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OSPE OV > Head Neck And Spine > Flashcards

Head Neck And Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What joins together at pterion

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid

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2
Q

Cribriform plate

A

CN 1

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3
Q

Optic canal

A

CN2

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4
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A 
CN3
CN4
V1 CN5
CN6
Opthalmic vein
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5
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

V2 CN5

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6
Q

Foramen ovale

A

V3 CN5

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7
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein

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8
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

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9
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN7

CN8

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10
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN9
CN10
CN11
Internal jugular vein

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11
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

CN12

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12
Q

Foramen magnum

A 
Spinal roots of CN11
Meningeal lymphatics
Spinal chord
Spinal meninges 
Vertebral arteries
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13
Q

Styelomastoid foramen

A

After going through internal acoustic meatus passes CN7 passes through this

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14
Q

Order of fissures

A

COSROSCIJH

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15
Q

Remembering cranial nerves

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas Ah Heaven

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16
Q

Movements around Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Neck flexion

YES joint

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17
Q

Movement around Atlanto-axial joint

A

Head rotation

NO joint

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18
Q

Function of cervical spine

A

Support weight of head and allow movement of head

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19
Q

Function of thoracic vertebrae

A

Hold the ribcage

Some limited movements

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20
Q

Possible movements of thoracic vertebrae

A

Allows flexion and some rotation

Limited extension

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21
Q

Reason for limited movement of thoracic vertebrae

A

Long spinous processes which extend inferiorly

Also the ribcage

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22
Q

Function of lumbar vertebrae

A

Bear the weight of the body

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23
Q

Movements of lumbar vertebrae

A

Flexion and extension with limited rotation

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24
Q

What gives lumbar vertebrae more movement than thoracic

A

Spinous processes don’t project so far inferiorly and the nature of lumbar facet joints

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25
Feature of lumbar vertebra to match function
Much larger to support body
26
Main function of sacrum
Connect spine to iliac spines
27
Main function of coccyx
Provides attachment for ligaments and muscles of pelvic floor
28
What prevents excessive movement of vertebral bones
Ligaments
29
What allows back motion
Facet joints in spine
30
Superficial extrinsic muscles of the back
Traps Lat dorsi Levator scapulae Rhomboids
31
Intrinsic muscles of back
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis Make up erector spinae
32
How many cervical vertebrae Spinal nerves And relationship between the 2
7 8 C1-7 above C8 below
33
How many thoracic vertebrae Spinal nerves Relationship between the 2
12 12 Below
34
How many lumbar vertebrae Spinal nerves Relationship between the 2
5 5 Below
35
How many sacral vertebrae
5 but fused 5 Below
36
How many coccygeal vertebrae
1 1 Below
37
How to identify C7
Flex neck and becomes prominent
38
Identify T3
Level with medial end of scapular spine
39
Identify T7
Level with inferior angle of scapula
40
How to identify L2
Level of inferior part of 12th rib
41
How to identify L4
Level of iliac crest
42
Vertebrae used for lumbar puncture
L3-5
43
Layers gone through for epidural
``` Skin Fat Muscle Supraspinous ligament Intraspinous ligament Ligamentum flavum ```
44
What is sciatica
Condition characterised by pain radiating from lower back down back of leg caused by a possible disc herniation
45
How to palpate cervical lymph nodes
start with submental nodesmoving backwards to sublingual, submandibular and then superiorly to parotid and pre auricular. Then move down anterior chain ventral to sternocleidomastoid palpating the deep cervical ganglions. Once that is complete go posterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle palpating the deep cervica nodes (including supraclavicular) starting with post auricular then finally finshing with occipital.
46
Motion for palpating cervical nodes
Circular
47
Borders of anterior triangle in neck
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle, midline and inferior border of mandible
48
Muscular contents of anterior triangle
Mylohyoid Platysma Digastric muscles Infrahyoid
49
Vessels of anterior triangle
Internal jugular | Carotid arteries
50
Borders of posterior triangle in neck
Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of trapezius and superior surface of clavicle
51
Vessels in posterior neck triangle
``` Trunks of brachial plexus Phrenic nerve Subclavian artery External jugular artery Spinal accessory nerve ```
52
Route of IJV
runs from jugular foramen down neck within the carotid sheath lateral to carotid artery. Terminates posterior to sternoclavicular joint where it enters subclavian vein
53
Insertion of central line method
Put in traingle formed between 2 heads of sternocleidomastoid and clavicle. Aim towards ipsilateral nipple
54
Line of IJV
From earlobe to sternoclavicular joint
55
Line of EJV
From angle of mandible to mid clavicle
56
Test motor function of sternocleidomastoid
Look over shoulder
57
Test motor function of upper fibres of trapezius
Shrug shoulders
58
Sensory skin region of V1
From hairline covering all of forehead, down around eyebrows coming medial to only cover medial portion of nose
59
Internal sensory regions of V1
Nasal mucosa, conjuctiva and frontal sinus
60
Sensory skin region of V2
Thin line coming from temple under eye to cover lateral edge of nose and everything down to lower border of upper lip
61
Internal areas covered by V2
Upper teeth, gum and roof of mouth
62
Sensory region of V3
A strip of skin running from the middle part of the temple then anterior to the ear and down to the chin. In addition it supplies the lower teeth, gums and lip, the lining of the cheeks, the floor of the mouth and the buccal part (anterior two-thirds) of the tongue.
63
Internal sensory region of V3
Lower teeth and lips, lining of cheeks and anterior 2/3 of tongue
64
Test motor function of mandibular branch of trigeminal
Clench teeth and palpate for bulge of masseter on ceeks and bulge of temporalis on temple
65
Test motor function of facial nerve
Get patient to try and pull various facial expressions such as smiling, frowning and raising eyebrows and look for asymmetry
66
How does facial nerve affect secretions from sublingual and submandibular salivary glands
Parasympathetic innervation via chorda tympani
67
Motor test for glossopharyngeal nerve
Evoke a gag reflex using tongue depressor
68
Sensory test for glossopharyngeal nerve
Posterior 1/3 of tounge and oropharynx
69
Test for motor function of vagus
Ask patient to open mouth and say AHHH- look for deviation of uvula
70
What will happen if there is unilateral lesion of vagus nerve
Uvula will deviate away from lesioned side
71
Motor test for hypoglossal nerve
Stick tongue out- mainly controlled by genioglossus and intrinsic muscles of tongue which are hypoglossal mediated
72
Breakdown of normal teeth in healthy adult
``` 32 teeth 8 incisors 4 canines 8 premolars 8 molars 4 wisdom teeth ```
73
What should be in each quadrant
``` 2 incisors 1 canine 2 premolars 2 molars 1 wisdom teeth ```
74
Why are wisdom teeth normally removed
to prevent displacement of other teeth
75
Performing cricothyroidectomy
incsion made in cricothyroid membrane
76
Advantages of cricothyroidectomy
Easier and quicker than tracheostomy Nomanipulation of cervical spine No damage to highly vascularised thyroid Less complications
77
Ipsilateral pupillary reflex
Shine light in ipsilateral and look for constriction of pupil
78
Consensual pupillary reflex
Shine light in eye and look for constriction in other eye
79
How to carry out relative afferent pupillary defect test
Swing light between both eyes rapidly
80
What happens when light swung to undamaged side in RAPD test
Both constrict
81
What happens when light swung to damaged side in RAPD test
paradoxically dilate
82
Afferent pathway of accommadation test
retina -> optic nerve (CN2) -> optic chiasm -> optic tract -> lateral geniculate body -> optic radiation -> visual cortex
83
Efferent pathway of accommadation test
visual cortex -> pretectal nuclei -> Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> CN3 -> sphincter pupillae
84
Afferent nerve accommadation
2
85
Efferent nerve accommadation test
3
86
Afferent corneal reflex
CN 5a
87
Efferent corneal reflex
CN 7

OSPE OV (7 decks)

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