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OSPE OV > Head Neck And Spine > Flashcards

Head Neck And Spine Flashcards

1
Q

What joins together at pterion

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid

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2
Q

Cribriform plate

A

CN 1

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3
Q

Optic canal

A

CN2

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4
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A 
CN3
CN4
V1 CN5
CN6
Opthalmic vein
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5
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

V2 CN5

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6
Q

Foramen ovale

A

V3 CN5

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7
Q

Foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery and vein

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8
Q

Carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

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9
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN7

CN8

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10
Q

Jugular foramen

A

CN9
CN10
CN11
Internal jugular vein

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11
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

CN12

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12
Q

Foramen magnum

A 
Spinal roots of CN11
Meningeal lymphatics
Spinal chord
Spinal meninges 
Vertebral arteries
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13
Q

Styelomastoid foramen

A

After going through internal acoustic meatus passes CN7 passes through this

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14
Q

Order of fissures

A

COSROSCIJH

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15
Q

Remembering cranial nerves

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas Ah Heaven

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16
Q

Movements around Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Neck flexion

YES joint

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17
Q

Movement around Atlanto-axial joint

A

Head rotation

NO joint

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18
Q

Function of cervical spine

A

Support weight of head and allow movement of head

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19
Q

Function of thoracic vertebrae

A

Hold the ribcage

Some limited movements

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20
Q

Possible movements of thoracic vertebrae

A

Allows flexion and some rotation

Limited extension

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21
Q

Reason for limited movement of thoracic vertebrae

A

Long spinous processes which extend inferiorly

Also the ribcage

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22
Q

Function of lumbar vertebrae

A

Bear the weight of the body

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23
Q

Movements of lumbar vertebrae

A

Flexion and extension with limited rotation

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24
Q

What gives lumbar vertebrae more movement than thoracic

A

Spinous processes don’t project so far inferiorly and the nature of lumbar facet joints

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25
Q

Feature of lumbar vertebra to match function

A

Much larger to support body

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26
Q

Main function of sacrum

A

Connect spine to iliac spines

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27
Q

Main function of coccyx

A

Provides attachment for ligaments and muscles of pelvic floor

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28
Q

What prevents excessive movement of vertebral bones

A

Ligaments

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29
Q

What allows back motion

A

Facet joints in spine

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30
Q

Superficial extrinsic muscles of the back

A

Traps
Lat dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

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31
Q

Intrinsic muscles of back

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
Make up erector spinae

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32
Q

How many cervical vertebrae
Spinal nerves
And relationship between the 2

A

7
8
C1-7 above C8 below

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33
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae
Spinal nerves
Relationship between the 2

A

12
12
Below

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34
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae
Spinal nerves
Relationship between the 2

A

5
5
Below

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35
Q

How many sacral vertebrae

A

5 but fused
5
Below

36
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae

A

1
1
Below

37
Q

How to identify C7

A

Flex neck and becomes prominent

38
Q

Identify T3

A

Level with medial end of scapular spine

39
Q

Identify T7

A

Level with inferior angle of scapula

40
Q

How to identify L2

A

Level of inferior part of 12th rib

41
Q

How to identify L4

A

Level of iliac crest

42
Q

Vertebrae used for lumbar puncture

A

L3-5

43
Q

Layers gone through for epidural

A 
Skin 
Fat 
Muscle 
Supraspinous ligament 
Intraspinous ligament 
Ligamentum flavum
44
Q

What is sciatica

A

Condition characterised by pain radiating from lower back down back of leg caused by a possible disc herniation

45
Q

How to palpate cervical lymph nodes

A

start with submental nodesmoving backwards to sublingual, submandibular and then superiorly to parotid and pre auricular. Then move down anterior chain ventral to sternocleidomastoid palpating the deep cervical ganglions. Once that is complete go posterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle palpating the deep cervica nodes (including supraclavicular) starting with post auricular then finally finshing with occipital.

46
Q

Motion for palpating cervical nodes

A

Circular

47
Q

Borders of anterior triangle in neck

A

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle, midline and inferior border of mandible

48
Q

Muscular contents of anterior triangle

A

Mylohyoid
Platysma
Digastric muscles
Infrahyoid

49
Q

Vessels of anterior triangle

A

Internal jugular

Carotid arteries

50
Q

Borders of posterior triangle in neck

A

Posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of trapezius and superior surface of clavicle

51
Q

Vessels in posterior neck triangle

A 
Trunks of brachial plexus
Phrenic nerve 
Subclavian artery
External jugular artery
Spinal accessory nerve
52
Q

Route of IJV

A

runs from jugular foramen down neck within the carotid sheath lateral to carotid artery. Terminates posterior to sternoclavicular joint where it enters subclavian vein

53
Q

Insertion of central line method

A

Put in traingle formed between 2 heads of sternocleidomastoid and clavicle. Aim towards ipsilateral nipple

54
Q

Line of IJV

A

From earlobe to sternoclavicular joint

55
Q

Line of EJV

A

From angle of mandible to mid clavicle

56
Q

Test motor function of sternocleidomastoid

A

Look over shoulder

57
Q

Test motor function of upper fibres of trapezius

A

Shrug shoulders

58
Q

Sensory skin region of V1

A

From hairline covering all of forehead, down around eyebrows coming medial to only cover medial portion of nose

59
Q

Internal sensory regions of V1

A

Nasal mucosa, conjuctiva and frontal sinus

60
Q

Sensory skin region of V2

A

Thin line coming from temple under eye to cover lateral edge of nose and everything down to lower border of upper lip

61
Q

Internal areas covered by V2

A

Upper teeth, gum and roof of mouth

62
Q

Sensory region of V3

A

A strip of skin running from the middle part of the temple then anterior to the ear and down to the chin. In addition it supplies the lower teeth, gums and lip, the lining of the cheeks, the floor of the mouth and the buccal part (anterior two-thirds) of the tongue.

63
Q

Internal sensory region of V3

A

Lower teeth and lips, lining of cheeks and anterior 2/3 of tongue

64
Q

Test motor function of mandibular branch of trigeminal

A

Clench teeth and palpate for bulge of masseter on ceeks and bulge of temporalis on temple

65
Q

Test motor function of facial nerve

A

Get patient to try and pull various facial expressions such as smiling, frowning and raising eyebrows and look for asymmetry

66
Q

How does facial nerve affect secretions from sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

A

Parasympathetic innervation via chorda tympani

67
Q

Motor test for glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Evoke a gag reflex using tongue depressor

68
Q

Sensory test for glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Posterior 1/3 of tounge and oropharynx

69
Q

Test for motor function of vagus

A

Ask patient to open mouth and say AHHH- look for deviation of uvula

70
Q

What will happen if there is unilateral lesion of vagus nerve

A

Uvula will deviate away from lesioned side

71
Q

Motor test for hypoglossal nerve

A

Stick tongue out- mainly controlled by genioglossus and intrinsic muscles of tongue which are hypoglossal mediated

72
Q

Breakdown of normal teeth in healthy adult

A 
32 teeth
8 incisors
4 canines
8 premolars
8 molars
4 wisdom teeth
73
Q

What should be in each quadrant

A 
2 incisors
1 canine
2 premolars
2 molars
1 wisdom teeth
74
Q

Why are wisdom teeth normally removed

A

to prevent displacement of other teeth

75
Q

Performing cricothyroidectomy

A

incsion made in cricothyroid membrane

76
Q

Advantages of cricothyroidectomy

A

Easier and quicker than tracheostomy
Nomanipulation of cervical spine
No damage to highly vascularised thyroid
Less complications

77
Q

Ipsilateral pupillary reflex

A

Shine light in ipsilateral and look for constriction of pupil

78
Q

Consensual pupillary reflex

A

Shine light in eye and look for constriction in other eye

79
Q

How to carry out relative afferent pupillary defect test

A

Swing light between both eyes rapidly

80
Q

What happens when light swung to undamaged side in RAPD test

A

Both constrict

81
Q

What happens when light swung to damaged side in RAPD test

A

paradoxically dilate

82
Q

Afferent pathway of accommadation test

A

retina -> optic nerve (CN2) -> optic chiasm -> optic tract -> lateral geniculate body -> optic radiation -> visual cortex

83
Q

Efferent pathway of accommadation test

A

visual cortex -> pretectal nuclei -> Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> CN3 -> sphincter pupillae

84
Q

Afferent nerve accommadation

A

2

85
Q

Efferent nerve accommadation test

A

3

86
Q

Afferent corneal reflex

A

CN 5a

87
Q

Efferent corneal reflex

A

CN 7

OSPE OV (7 decks)

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