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OSPE OV > Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Test for gluteus maximus

A

Patient lies prone with knee flexed. Ask to extend thigh at hip joint while applying pressure at distal thigh
At same palpate rounded contour of buttock

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2
Q

Nerve for gluteus maximus test

A

Inferior gluteal

L5 S1-2

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3
Q

Test for gluteus maximus and minimums

A

Patient lies on side with lower limb fully extended
Ask to abduct at hip joint while applying pressure to distal end of thigh
Palpate just inferior to iliac crest

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4
Q

Nerve for gluteus medius and minimus

A

Superior gluteal

L5 S1

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5
Q

Test for tensor fascia lata

A

Patient lies on side slightly supine
Ask to extend thigh and abduct
Palpate their tensor fascia lata and ilio-tibial band which can become visible

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6
Q

Test for hamstrings

A

Subject lies prone with knee flexed to 30 degrees
Ask to continue to flex while applying resistance just above posterior side of the ankle
Hamstrings tendons will become visible just around popliteal region
Palpable mid posterior thigh

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7
Q

Nerve for hamstrings test

A

Tibial division of sciatic L5 S1-2
EXCEPT
Short head of biceps femoris which is common fibulae divisions L5 S1-2

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8
Q

Purpose of trendelenberg test

A

Test integrity of abductors in hip joint

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9
Q

Carrying out trendelenberg test

A

Stand still on both legs- both sides of hip should be at same level with no tilt
Ask subject to raise one leg whilst feeling their pelvis- if raised legs side drops downwards then is positive

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10
Q

Features of patient with positive trendelenberg test

A

Walk with a waddle as a loss or weakness of motor function of gluteus medius and minimus

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11
Q

Test for quadriceps

A

Sits on bench with knee flexed 90degrees
Apply resistance at distal end of leg and ask to extend
Quads can be palpated on anterior thigh

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12
Q

Nerve for quadriceps test

A

Femoral L2-4

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13
Q

Movements around hip joint

A 
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Circumduction
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14
Q

Movements around knee joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Limited rotation

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15
Q

Movements around ankle joint

A

Dorsiflexion

Plantar flexion

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16
Q

Movements around talo-calcaneo-navicular joints

A

Inversion

Eversion

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17
Q

Movements of digits

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

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18
Q

Quadriceps muscle test

A

Sit on chair with knees flexed at 90 degrees. Ask to try and extend knee against resistance and palpate anterior quadriceps

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19
Q

Iliopsaos test

A

Flex thigh against resistance

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20
Q

Test for hamstrings

A

Patient lies prone- flex knee for 30 degrees against resitance at ankle palpating posterior thigh

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21
Q

Testing adductor group of leg

A

Lie on side supporting upper leg which is abducted- ask to adduct leg against resistance

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22
Q

Testing for tibialis anterior

A

Ask to invert foot and up while examiner grasps forefoot to oppose movement

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23
Q

Where to palpate tibialis anterior tendon during test

A

Anterior and below the medial malleolus

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24
Q

Testing for fibular compartment of lower leg

A

Ask to evert and oppose movement by grabbing forefoot

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25
Q

Where to palpate fibularis longus and brevis

A

just below lateral malleolus

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26
Q

How to test for calf muscles

A

Ask to stand on toes and palpate tendon in calf area on posterior side of ankle

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27
Q

Nervous supply of tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal

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28
Q

Nerve supply of quads

A

Femoral

29
Q

Nerve supply of hamstrings

A

Tibial division of sciatic

30
Q

What hamstring muscle isnt supplied by tibial division of sciatic

A

Short head of biceps femoris

31
Q

What supplies short head of biceps femoris

A

Fibular branch of sciatic

32
Q

Nerve supplying adductor group

A

Obturator nerve

33
Q

Nerve supplying fibular compartment

A

Superficial fibular

34
Q

Nerve supplying anterior compartment

A

Deep fibular

35
Q

Nerve supplying calf muscles

A

Tibial

36
Q

Where to palpate femoral artery

A

Mid inguinal point between ASIS and pubic symphysis- against pubic bone

37
Q

Where to palpate popliteal artery

A

Inferior part of popliteal

38
Q

How to palpate popliteal artery

A

Lies supine with knee flexed

39
Q

Palpating dorsalis pedis

A

Palpate extensor hallucis longus tendon- navicular bone

40
Q

How to expose hallucis longus tendon

A

Dorsiflex toes while resistance

41
Q

Where to palpate tibialis anterior pulse

A

Palpate just behind medial malleolus- tibia

42
Q

Route of long saphenous vein

A

runs upwards 2cm in front of the medial malleolus, along medial side of leg, hands width along the medial side of patella, along medial side of thigh to saphenous opening in inguinal region.

43
Q

Route of short saphenous vein

A

passes posteriorly to the lateral malleolus at the ankle, runs superiorly on the posterior leg to drain into the popliteal vein after piercing the fascia over the popliteal fossa

44
Q

L1 dermatome

A

Inguinal region

45
Q

L2 dermatome

A

Thigh upper lateral

46
Q

L3 dermatome

A

Thigh lower lateral

47
Q

L4 dermatome

A

Medial leg and big toe

48
Q

L5

A

Anterolateral leg
Foot
2-4 dorsal

49
Q

S1

A

sole lateral margin and heel

50
Q

S2

A

Leg and thigh posterior

51
Q

S3-4

A

Medial buttock, intergluteal cleft and perineal

52
Q

Carrying out patellar reflex test

A

sit with legs dangling. Strike patella tendon, should see brisk extension of the knee joint & should be able to palpate simultaneous contraction of the quadriceps on anterior thigh

53
Q

Carrying out ankle jerk

A

sit with legs dangling. Strike the calcaneal tendon while holding the foot slightly dorsiflexed. Should see plantar flexion of ankle joint

54
Q

Nerve root patellar tendon

A

L4

55
Q

Nerve root ankle jerk

A

S1

56
Q

Surface mark sciatic nerve

A

first palpate PSIS, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter. Nerve leaves the greater sciatic notch, enters gluteal region at midpoint between PSIS and ischial tuberosity. Forms downward curve to pass into thigh around midpoint between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity before reaching popliteal fossa

57
Q

Motor test for sciatic

A

Lie prone knee flexed to 30 degrees and resist further flexion

58
Q

Motor test for gluteal

A

Lie on side with leg fully extended and abduct against resistance at distal end

59
Q

Motor test for femoral

A

Flex thigh against resistance

60
Q

Obturator

A

Lie on side support upper leg up and ask to adduct

61
Q

Superficial peroneal

A

Evert foot against resistance

62
Q

Deep peroneal

A

Invert foot against resistance

63
Q

Demonstrate gluteal safe area

A

Index finger on the ASIS, middle finger on the iliac tubercle – area in between. Superior and lateral quadrant – to minimise risk of damaging sciatic nerve.

64
Q

Borders of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament superiorly
Adductor longs medially
Sartorious laterally

65
Q

Contents of femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve artery and vein

66
Q

Positions of contents of femoral trianle

A

Medial to lateral- VAN

67
Q

Boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

Superolateral- biceps femoris
Superomedially- semimembranous
Inferiorly- lateral and medial gastrocnemius
Anteriorly- femur

68
Q

Contents of popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery and vein tibial and common peroneal nerve

short saphenous vein popliteal lymph nodes

OSPE OV (7 decks)

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