Upper Limb: Pectoral and Scapular Regions Flashcards

1
Q

In the anterior pectoral region, name the muscle that moves the clavicle? and the nerve that innovates it

A

Subclavius - Nerve to subclavius (C5, 6)

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2
Q

In the anterior pectoral region, name the muscle that moves the humerus? and the nerve that innovates it

A

Pectoralis Major - Innovated by the median (C8,T1) and the Lateral Pectoral nerve (C5,6,7)

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3
Q

In the anterior pectoral region, what two muscles move the scapula? and the nerve that innovates it

A

Pectoralis minor - Medial Pectoral (C8 and T1)

Serratus anterior - Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)

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4
Q

What are the main actions of the pectoralis major? and name its two heads

A

It adducts and medially rotates. Also is involved in flexion and extension.. Has a clavicular head and sternocostal head

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5
Q

What are the main actions of the serratus anterior?

A

It protracts the scapula, prevents winging of the scapula and is involved in scapular rotation (holds the scapula against the body)

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6
Q

What are the main actions of pectoralis minor? where does it attach?

A

It stabilises and depresses the scapula. Attaches from ribs 2/3/4 to the coracoid process

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7
Q

What are the main actions of subclavius

A

Stabilises and depresses the clavicle

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8
Q

Name the extrinsic back muscle that moves the humerus and what nerve is it supplied by

A

Latissimus Dorsi which is supplied the by thoracodorsal nerve (C6/7/8)

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9
Q

Name the three extrinsic back muscles that move the scapula

A

Trapezius - spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve)
Rhomboids (major and minor) - Dorsal scapular nerve (C4/C5)
Levator scapula - Cervical nerves (C3/4) and Dorsal Scapular

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10
Q

Describe the action of latissimus dorsi at the GH joint

A

Extends, Adducts and medially rotates

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11
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular elevation?

A

Upper Trapezius

lev scapula and rhomboids

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12
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular depression

A

Not muscle but gravity, assisted by pectoralis maj +min, lat dorsi ect

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13
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular protraction

A

Serratus anterior

pectoralis muscles

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14
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular retraction

A

Middle trapezius

rhomboids

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15
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular upward rotation

A

Upper trapezius and serratus anterior

lower trapezius

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16
Q

What main muscle and other synergists are involved in scapular downward rotation

A

Latissimus Dorsi

lev scapula, rhomboids, pecs

17
Q

Name the intrinsic shoulder muscles from the scapula to the humerus that move the GH joint and the nerve that innervates them

A

Deltoid - Axillary Nerve (C5,6)
Teres Major - Lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
Rotator cuff - SITS

18
Q

Name the three functional parts of the deltoid and what action they preform

A

Anterior - Flexion and medial rotation
Middle - Abduction
Posterior - Extension and lateral Rotation

19
Q

What is the deltopectoral groove?

A

A groove between the deltoid and pectorarlis major where the cephalic vein lays.

20
Q

Where are the attachment sites for teres major?

A

The inferior angel of the scapula and the medial lip of the humerus.

21
Q

Name the four rotator cuff muscles and what nerve innervates them. Look at the location of the muscles.

A

SITS
Supraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
Infraspinatus - Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
Teres Minor - Axillary nerve (C5,C6)
Subscapularis - Upper and Lower subscapular nerves (C5/6/7)

22
Q

Describe the movements that each of the rotator cuff muscles help

A

Supraspinatus - initiates abduction (first 15 degrees)
Infraspinatus - External rotation
Teres Minor - External rotation
Subscapularis - internal rotation

23
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the humerus?

A

3 On the greater tubercle - Supraspinatus (runs underneath the acromion), Infraspinatus and teres minor
1 on the lesser tubercle - subscapularis

24
Q

Name the three arm muscles that cross the GH joint

A

Long head of biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Long head of tricep

25
Name the fascia that goes around pectoralis Major and Minor and then also the fascia then extends down the arm
Major - Pectoral fascia, beneath this you will find the fascia for; Minor - Clavipectoral fascia Extending down the arm - brachial Fascia
26
Describe the fascia of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
Each muscle has their own fascia that is very dense and is even the origin for some of the muscle fibres. If there is a break in the scapula blood can collect in this fascia giving a triangular bruise
27
What is the axilla?
It is the pyramidal space inferior to the glenohumeral joint but superior to the axillary fascia
28
Name the four walls of the axilla and what the wall is composed of and the base and apex
Anterior wall - Pectoralis major + pectoral fascia and pectoralis minor + clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall - Scapula, subscapularis and inferiorly is teres major and lat. Dorsi Medial Wall - Ribs 1-4 and serratus anterior Lateral Wall - Humerus (intertubercle sulcus) Floor of axillia - skin and axillary fascia. Apex - cervico-axillary canal which boarders are the 1st rib, clavicle and scapule
29
Describe what forms the anterior and posterior fold of the axilla
Anterior Fold - Pectoralis Major | Posterior fold - Teres Major and Lat.Dorsi
30
What passes throught the axilla
Axillary vessels, brachial plexus (cords and branches) and axillary sheath
31
Name the 5 lymphatic gorups of the axilla
Lateral (humeral), Posterior (subscapular), Anterior (pectoral) which all drain to central lymphnodes which then drain to apical lymph-nodes
32
Name the three scapular spaces
``` Upper triangular (the triangular space) Quadrangular Lower triangular (triangular interval) ```
33
Name the borders and contents of the quadrangular space
Boarders - Teres Minor, Teres Major, Humerus, Long head of triceps Contents - Posterior circumflex humeral artery, Axillary nerve and surgical neck of humerus
34
Name the borders of the upper triangular space (the triangular space)
Boarders - Teres Major, Teres Minor and long head of triceps | Contents - Circumflex scapular artery
35
Name the borders and contents of the triangular interval (lower triangular space)
Borders - Lateral head of triceps, Long head of triceps and Teres major Contents - Radial nerve, Profunda brachii artery