Upper Limb: Bones and Joints Flashcards
Name all the bones of the upper limb
Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulnar, Carpus, Metacarpus and Phalanges.
Describe some of the features of the clavicle.
It has a sooth superior surface but a rough inferior surface. It has a rounded proximal end and a flat distal end.
What is the name of the joint between the sternum and clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
Name some of the landmark features of the clavicle
All on the posterior surface
- Impression for the costoclavicular ligament
- Subclavian groove
- Conoid tubercle
- Trapezoid line
Name some of the landmark features of the scapula
- Acromion (found at the end of scapula spine) where the articular surface for clavicle is found
- Coracoid process
What ligaments are found within the acromioclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
When is the glenoid fossa/cavity?
It is when the head of the humerus attaches to the scapula
What ligaments are found in the stenoclavicular joint?
- Interclavicular ligament (runs along the top of the sternum connecting the two heads of clavicle)
- Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament.
- Also involved is the costoclavicular ligament
Why is the sternoclavicular joint an atypical synovial joint
Because it is lined by fibrocartilage
What two ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament
Trapezoid ligament (lateral) and the conoid ligament (medial)
What are the three angels of the scapula? and draw them
Superior
Lateral (under the acromion)
Inferior
What are the three fossae of the scapula?
Supraspinous (above spine but below superior angle)
Infraspinous (posterior surface below spine)
Subscapular (anterior surface)
Name the three boarders of the scapula
Madial, Lateral and Superior
What closes over the suprascapular notch to form the suprascapular foramen?
The upper transverse scapular ligament
Describe some of the features and land marks of the proximal humerus and draw them
- Head
- Anatomical neck
- Surgical neck
- Greater tubercle (lateral)
- Lesser tubercle (medial)
- Inbetween two tubercles is the intertubercle sulcus
- Lateral and Medial lips
- Deltoid tuberosity
Name and show the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint
Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-humeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament (holds down the long head of bicep)
3 Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)
What muscles increase glenohumeral stability?
Rotator cuff
What bursae are found in the glenohumeral joint?
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursae Subscapula bursae (continuation of joint capsule)
Name some fractures of the humerus and their closely associated nerves which can become damages
Mid Shaft - Radial nerves (found in spinal groove)
Surgical neck - Axillary nerve
Supracodylar - Median nerve
Name the two parts of the condyle of humerus
Capitulum (lateral)
Trochlea (medial)
What are the three fossas located above the capitulum and trochlea
Above the capitulum is the radial fossa
Above the trochlea is the coronoid process and posteriorly is the olecranon process
Name and show the landmark features of the proximal ulna
Olecranon Radial Notch Supinator crest Coronoid process Trochlear notch Tuberosity of ulna
Where does the brachial artery start and bifurcate (end)
It starts at Teres Major and bifurcates at the elbow
Name the landmark features of the proximal radius
Head
Neck
Radial Tuberosity
Oblique line (below tuberosity)
What joints make up the elbow joint
The Humreo-ulnar joint and the humreo-radial joint
The elbow joint supported by?
The collateral ligaments; the radial collateral ligaments and the ulnar collateral ligament
What is pulled elbow?
When you disarticulate the radius from the annular ligament (ligament that wraps around the head of the radius)
Name two olecranon bursae
- Deep intratendinous bursa
- Superficial subcutaneous bursa
What is a colles’ fracture?
A fracture of the distal radius that raises superiorly
What is the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna called?
Middle radio-ulnar joint
What separates the ulnar from wrist bones
fibrocartilaginous disc
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
The joint between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar head
Name the carpal bones
Proximal row - Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum and pisiform
Distal Row - Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate and hammate
What helps aid movement at the distal radio-ulnar joint
The sacciform recess. Distal extension of joint capsule between ulna and radius
What type of joints are inter-carpal joints and what movement do they allow for?
Plane joints that allow for sliding movement
What is the mid-carpal joint important in?
Abduction and extension
What type of joints are the carpal-metacarpal joints?
1st joint is a saddle joint (at the thumb)
2nd to 5th joints are plane
joints
What type of joints are the metacarpal-phalangeal? and what ligaments are found here?
Condylar joint. With collateral and palmar ligaments
What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?
Hing joints with collateral and palmar ligaments
Show the movements of the thumb
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