Upper Limb: Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the bones of the upper limb

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulnar, Carpus, Metacarpus and Phalanges.

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2
Q

Describe some of the features of the clavicle.

A

It has a sooth superior surface but a rough inferior surface. It has a rounded proximal end and a flat distal end.

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3
Q

What is the name of the joint between the sternum and clavicle

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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4
Q

Name some of the landmark features of the clavicle

A

All on the posterior surface

  • Impression for the costoclavicular ligament
  • Subclavian groove
  • Conoid tubercle
  • Trapezoid line
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5
Q

Name some of the landmark features of the scapula

A
  • Acromion (found at the end of scapula spine) where the articular surface for clavicle is found
  • Coracoid process
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6
Q

What ligaments are found within the acromioclavicular joint

A
  • Acromioclavicular ligament

- Coracoclavicular ligament

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7
Q

When is the glenoid fossa/cavity?

A

It is when the head of the humerus attaches to the scapula

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8
Q

What ligaments are found in the stenoclavicular joint?

A
  • Interclavicular ligament (runs along the top of the sternum connecting the two heads of clavicle)
  • Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament.
  • Also involved is the costoclavicular ligament
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9
Q

Why is the sternoclavicular joint an atypical synovial joint

A

Because it is lined by fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What two ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament

A

Trapezoid ligament (lateral) and the conoid ligament (medial)

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11
Q

What are the three angels of the scapula? and draw them

A

Superior
Lateral (under the acromion)
Inferior

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12
Q

What are the three fossae of the scapula?

A

Supraspinous (above spine but below superior angle)
Infraspinous (posterior surface below spine)
Subscapular (anterior surface)

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13
Q

Name the three boarders of the scapula

A

Madial, Lateral and Superior

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14
Q

What closes over the suprascapular notch to form the suprascapular foramen?

A

The upper transverse scapular ligament

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15
Q

Describe some of the features and land marks of the proximal humerus and draw them

A
  • Head
  • Anatomical neck
  • Surgical neck
  • Greater tubercle (lateral)
  • Lesser tubercle (medial)
  • Inbetween two tubercles is the intertubercle sulcus
  • Lateral and Medial lips
  • Deltoid tuberosity
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16
Q

Name and show the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

A

Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-humeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament (holds down the long head of bicep)
3 Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)

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17
Q

What muscles increase glenohumeral stability?

A

Rotator cuff

18
Q

What bursae are found in the glenohumeral joint?

A
Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursae
Subscapula bursae (continuation of joint capsule)
19
Q

Name some fractures of the humerus and their closely associated nerves which can become damages

A

Mid Shaft - Radial nerves (found in spinal groove)
Surgical neck - Axillary nerve
Supracodylar - Median nerve

20
Q

Name the two parts of the condyle of humerus

A

Capitulum (lateral)

Trochlea (medial)

21
Q

What are the three fossas located above the capitulum and trochlea

A

Above the capitulum is the radial fossa

Above the trochlea is the coronoid process and posteriorly is the olecranon process

22
Q

Name and show the landmark features of the proximal ulna

A
Olecranon
Radial Notch
Supinator crest
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Tuberosity of ulna
23
Q

Where does the brachial artery start and bifurcate (end)

A

It starts at Teres Major and bifurcates at the elbow

24
Q

Name the landmark features of the proximal radius

A

Head
Neck
Radial Tuberosity
Oblique line (below tuberosity)

25
What joints make up the elbow joint
The Humreo-ulnar joint and the humreo-radial joint
26
The elbow joint supported by?
The collateral ligaments; the radial collateral ligaments and the ulnar collateral ligament
27
What is pulled elbow?
When you disarticulate the radius from the annular ligament (ligament that wraps around the head of the radius)
28
Name two olecranon bursae
- Deep intratendinous bursa | - Superficial subcutaneous bursa
29
What is a colles' fracture?
A fracture of the distal radius that raises superiorly
30
What is the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna called?
Middle radio-ulnar joint
31
What separates the ulnar from wrist bones
fibrocartilaginous disc
32
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
The joint between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar head
33
Name the carpal bones
Proximal row - Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum and pisiform | Distal Row - Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate and hammate
34
What helps aid movement at the distal radio-ulnar joint
The sacciform recess. Distal extension of joint capsule between ulna and radius
35
What type of joints are inter-carpal joints and what movement do they allow for?
Plane joints that allow for sliding movement
36
What is the mid-carpal joint important in?
Abduction and extension
37
What type of joints are the carpal-metacarpal joints?
1st joint is a saddle joint (at the thumb) | 2nd to 5th joints are plane joints
38
What type of joints are the metacarpal-phalangeal? and what ligaments are found here?
Condylar joint. With collateral and palmar ligaments
39
What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?
Hing joints with collateral and palmar ligaments
40
Show the movements of the thumb
-