Upper Limb: Arm and Forearm

Question 1

Of the anterior arm; name the muscles and their attachments

Answer 1

Biceps Brachii - Radial tuberosity to supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head)
Coracobrachialis - Coracoid process (mainly acts as synergist)
Brachialis - Anterior humerus to the coronoid process

Question 2

Describe what movements the muscles of the anterior arm are involved in and the nerve that supplies them.

Answer 2

ALL supplied by musculocutaneous Nerve.
Brachialis - Prime mover in flexion supplied by C5,6
Biceps Brachii - Supination and then flexion (cant flex in pronation) - C5,6
Coracobrachialis - Flexion adduction at GH but mainly stabalises - C5,6,7

Question 3

Describe the Biceps reflex (what is tests and what happens)

Answer 3

It is a deep tendon reflex that tests C5 and C6 segments. Hitting the tendon causes an involuntary stretch. Afferents from muscle spindles (strech receptors) synapse on efferent motor neurons causing a flexion jerk

Question 4

Name the two muscles of the posterior arm, the nerve that innervates them and their movement

Answer 4

Both supplied by the radial nerve
Triceps Brachii - Extension (C6,7,8)
Anconeus - Elbow stability (C7,8,)

Question 5

Describe what spinal segments the triceps reflex tests and what occurs during it.

Answer 5

It is a deep tendon reflex and tests spinal segments C6 and C7. Afferents from motor spindles (stretch receptors) synapse on efferent motor neurons causing a extension jerk

Question 6

What structures run from the arm into the forearm

Answer 6

Ulnar Nerve
Median Nerve + brachial artery
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Radial Nerve + profunda brachii artery

Question 7

Describe the boarders of the cubital fossa

Answer 7

Pronator teres (medial)
Breachioradialis (lateral)
Line between lateral and medial epicondyles (superior)

Question 8

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

Answer 8

Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 9

Describe the contents of the cubital fossa from medial to lateral

Answer 9

Median Nerve, Breachial Artery, Biceps tendon and then radial nerve

Question 10

What is on the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 10

Supinator and brachialis muscles

Question 11

What lies superficially in the cubital fossa?

Answer 11

The median cubital vein

Question 12

Name the muscles of the anterior superfical layer of the forearm, and what nerve supplies them

Answer 12

Pronator teres - median nerve (C6,7)
Flexor carpi radialis - Median nerve (C6,7)
Palmaris longus - Median Nerve (C6,7) (absent in about 15% of pop)
Flexor carpi ulnaris _ Ulnar Nerve (C7,8)

Question 13

Name the anterior intermediate layer of muscle in the forearm and what the muscle is supplied by

Answer 13

Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexes the digets) - median Nerve (C7,8,T1)

Question 14

Name the muscles and their nerve supply of the anterior deep layer of muscles in the forearm

Answer 14

Flexor digitorum profundus - Medial half is supplied by the ulnar nerve (C8,T1) and the lateral half is supplied by the median nerve (C8,T1)
Flexor policis longus - Anterior Antebrachail nterosseous N (C7,C8,T1)
Pronator Quadratus - Anterior Antebrachial interosseous N (C7,C8)

Question 15

look at the diagram for insertions and origins of the muscles

Answer 15

week 2

Question 16

Name the bones that make up the carpal arch and what is the carpal arch closed over by?

Answer 16

Pisiform, Triquetrum, Hamate, capitate, trapezoid and trapezium. The arch is closed over by the flexor retinaculum

Question 17

Describe the contents of the carpal tunnel

Answer 17

Flexor digitorum superficialis, Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor policis longus and the median nerve

Question 18

Name the elbow flexor muscle that is catagorised as part as the posterior superficial muscle group, what its movements are and its nerve supply

Answer 18

Brachioradialis. It flexes the elbow, 1/2 supinates and 1/2 pronates so it gives the appearance of drinking. It is supplied by the radial nerve (C5,C6)

Question 19

What is the ‘Supinator’ reflex (brachioradialis)

Answer 19

It is a deep tendon reflex that tests C5 and C6 spinal segments. Afferents from muscle spindles (stretch receptors) synapse directly on efferent motor neurons and elicit a flexion jerk

Question 20

Name the posterior superficial muscles of the forearm

Answer 20

• Extensor carpi radialis longus (Radial nerve (C6,7))
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis (short) (deep radial nerve - C7.8)
• Extensor digitorum (Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C7-C8)
• Extensor digit minimi (Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C7-C8)
• Extensor carpi ulnaris (Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C7-C8)

Question 21

Name the outcropping muscles on the posterior forearm and the nerve that innervates them

Answer 21

Abductor policis longus - Posterior Interosseous nerve (C7,8)
Extensor policis brevis - posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)
Extensor policis longus - Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)

Question 22

Describe the contents and floor of the anatomical snuffbox.

Answer 22

Contents - radial artery

Floor- Scaphoid and trapezium

Question 23

What should you suspect if there is pain in the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 23

A scaphoid fracture

Question 24

Name the posterior deep muscles of the forearm and what they are innorvated by

Answer 24

Supinator - Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C6-C7).

Extensor indicis - Posterior interosseous nerve (C7,8)

Question 25

What is the Anterior Interosseous Nevre a branch of?

Answer 25

The median nerve

Question 26

What is the Posterior Interosseous Nerve a branch of?

Answer 26

The radial nerve