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ANATOMY 2300 > Upper Limb Nerves, Muscles, Vessel > Flashcards

Upper Limb Nerves, Muscles, Vessel Flashcards

1
Q

Erector Spinae Muscle

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

All innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Unilateral and bilateral action
Lateral flexion of head and vertebral column
Extension of head and vertebral column

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2
Q

Scapular Movement

A

Retraction
Protraction
Elevation
Depression
Rotation - glenohumeral joint point superior or inferior

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3
Q

Posterior Muscle - Axial to pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

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4
Q

Trapezius

A

Elevates scapula
Retracts scapula
Depress scapula

accessory nerve innervation

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5
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

Elevates scapula
Dorsal Scapular n. innervation

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6
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Superior to Rhomboid major
Retracts scapula
Dorsal Scapular n. Innervation

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7
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Inferior to minor
Retracts scapula
Dorsal Scapular n. Innervation

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8
Q

Anterior Muscle - Axial to pectoral girdle

A

Serrartus anterior
Pectoralis minor

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9
Q

Serratus anterior

A

holds scapula to body
Protracts scapula
Rotates scapula
Long thoracic nerve c5,6,7

Paralysis of serratus anterior
Winging of the scapula

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10
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Protracts scapula
Elevates ribs when scapula is stationary to assist in inhalation
Medial pectoral n. Innervation

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11
Q

Axial skeleton to humerus muscle

A

Pectoralis major
Latissimus Dorsi

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12
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Adducts arm (shoulder)
Medically rotates arm (shoulder)

Medial pectoral n.
Lateral pectoral n.
Innervation

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13
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts arm (shoulder)
Extends arm (shoulder)
Medially rotates arm (shoulder)

Thoracodorsal n. Innervation

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14
Q

Muscles Pectoral girdle to humerus

A

ROTATOR CUFF
Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Teres major
Deltoid

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15
Q

Rotator Cuff

A

SITS muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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16
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abducts arm (shoulder)
Suprascapular nerve innervation

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17
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of arm (shoulder)
Suprascapular nerve innervation

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18
Q

Teres minor

A

lateral rotation of arm (shoulder)
Axillary nerve innervation

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19
Q

Subscapularis

A

Medial rotation of arm (shoulder)
Upper Subscapular n. Lower Subscapular n. Innervation

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20
Q

Teres major

A

Starts posterior and moves anterior
Adducts arm (shoulder)
Extends arm (shoulder)
Medial rotation of arm (shoulder)
Low Subscapular innervation

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21
Q

Deltoid

A

Anterior - flex arm (shoulder) and medial rotation of arm (shoulder)
Middle - Abducts arm (shoulder)
Posterior - Extends arm (shoulder) lateral rotation of arm (shoulder)

Axillary nerve innervation

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22
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Short head, long head
Forearm flexion when supinated
Supination of forearm (radioulnar)
Slight arm flexion (shoulder)

Musculocutaneous nerve innervation

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23
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Flexion of arm (shoulder)
Adducts arm (shoulder)

Musculocutaneous nerve innervation

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24
Q

Brachialis

A

Flexes forearm (elbow)
Musculocutaneous nerve innervation

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25
Q

Posterior arm muscles

A

Extensors
Triceps brachii
-long head
-lateral head
-medial head

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26
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Extends forearm (elbow)
Extends arm (shoulder) long head only

Radial nerve innervation

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27
Q

Forearm muscle identification

A

Anterior forearm - flexor
Posterior forearm - extensor
Tendon related to thumb - radialis and abducts wrist, pollicis
Tendon related to pinky - ulnaris and adducts wrist, 2-5 digitorum

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28
Q

Anterior forearm

A

Pronates forearm and flex wrist and digits
8 muscles
All innervated by median nerve besides 1 1/2 by ulnar

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29
Q

Superficial anterior forearm

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerves)
Flexor digitorum superficialis

P(2)F(3)P(4)F(5)

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30
Q

Pronator teres

A

Pronatees the forearm
Flexes the elbow

Median nerve innervation

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31
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexes wrist
Abducts wrist

Median nerve innervation

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32
Q

Palmaris longues

A

Flexes wrist
Median nerve innervation

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33
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Flexes wrist
Adducts wrists

Ulnar nerve innervation

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34
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes digits 2-5
Flexes wrist

Median nerve innervation

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35
Q

Deep anterior forearm muscle

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (half innervated by ulnar nerve)
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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36
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes digits 2-5
Flexes wrist

Median nerve (2&3)
Ulnar nerve (4&5)

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37
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexes Pollux
Flexes wrist

Median nerve innervation

38
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Pronates forearm

Median nerve innervation

39
Q

Posterior forearm

A

Supinators of forearm and extensor of wrist and digits
Radial nerve innervation

40
Q

Superficial posterior forearm muscle

A

brachioradialis (not an extensor)
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus

41
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Flexes elbow
Radial nerves innervation

42
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Extends wrist
Abducts wrist

Radial nerve innervation

43
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Extends wrist
Abducts wrist

Radial nerve innervation

44
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extends digits 2-5
Extends wrist

Radial nerve innervation

45
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

Extends digit 5
Extends wrist

Radial nerve innervation

46
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Extends wrist
Adducts wrist

Radial nerve innervation

47
Q

Anconeus

A

Extends elbow

Radial nerve innervation

48
Q

Deep posterior forearm muscle

A

Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis

49
Q

Supinator

A

Supinates forearm

Radial nerve innervation

50
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Abducts pollux
Extends pollux

Radial nerve innervation

51
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extends Pollux
Radial

52
Q

Extensor Pollicis longus

A

Extends Pollux
Radial nerve innervation

53
Q

Extensor indicis

A

Extends digit 2
Radial nerve innervation

54
Q

Hand muscles

A

5 of 20 muscles are innervated by median nerve the rest are innervated by ulnar nerve
Thénar eminence
Hypothenar eminence
Lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
Palmar and Dorsal interosseous

55
Q

Eminences

A

Flexor, abductor, opponens

56
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

Abducts digits 5

Ulnar nerve innervation

57
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Flexes digit 5
Ulnar nerve innervation

58
Q

Opponents digiti minimi

A

Opposes digit 5
Ulnar nerve innervation

59
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Abducts Pollux
Median nerve innervation

60
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Flexes Pollux
Median nerve innervation

61
Q

Opponens Pollicis

A

Opposes Pollux
Median nerve innervation

62
Q

Lumbricals

A

1-4 from lateral to medial
1&2 by median nerve 3&4 by ulnar nerve
Flex at the MP joint & extends at the IP joint

63
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Adducts Pollux

Ulnar nerve innervation

64
Q

Palmar interosseous muscle

A

Adduction of the digits (PAD)
ulnar nerve innervation

65
Q

Dorsal interosseous

A

Abduction of the digits (DAB)
Ulnar nerve

66
Q

Special Areas

A

Triangle of auscultation
Cubital fossa
Carpal tunnel
Anatomical snuffbox

67
Q

Triangle of auscultation

A

Trapezius, medial border of scapula, latissimus dorsi

68
Q

Cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres (medial)
Brachioradialis (lateral)
Line between the epicondyles of humerus (superior)
Floor
Brachialis
Supinator

Tendon of biceps brachii
Brachial artery
Median nerve

Median cubital vein lies superficial to everything

69
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
Tendon of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve

Carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

70
Q

Anatomical Snuffbox

A

Abductor pollicis longus tendon & extensor pollicis brevis tendon ( anterior)
Extensor pollicis longus tendon (posterior)

Radial artery

71
Q

Arteries upper limb

A

Right
Left ventricle - ascending aorta - arch of aorta - brachiocephalic trunk - right subclavian artery

Left
Left ventricle- ascending aorta - arch of aorta - left subclavian artery

72
Q

Blood supply

A

Subclavian passes lateral border of rib 1 to become axillary artery, axillary passes throw inferior border of teres major to become brachial artery, brachial artery splits into radial and ulnar artery, radial contributes to deep palmar arch ulnar splits into interosseous and superficial palmar arch.

73
Q

Brachial artery

A

Gives off deep brachial artery traveling with radial nerve to posterior arm

74
Q

Radial and ulnar arteries

A

Brachial artery branches into radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial)

Radial empties into deep palmar arterial arch
Ulnar empties into superficial palmar arterial arch
Ulnar immediately gives off to common interosseous then travels along the medial before entering the palm

75
Q

Anastomoses

A

Arterial anastomoses- different arteries serving same territory
Venous anastomoses- abundant, more than one vein draining the same tissue

76
Q

Venous return from upper limbs

A

Deep veins
Accompany arteries
Predominantly deep to muscles
Forearm has two vein per artery
Venae comitantes

77
Q

Superficial veins

A

Located subcutaneous just deep to skin
Cephalic vein - travels lateral in forearm and arm, drain into axillary
Basilic vein - travels medial in arm and forearm, drain join brachial venae comitantes to form axillary vein

78
Q

Median cubital vein

A

Connection between the basilic and cephalic veins
Lies anterior to the cubital fossa and bicipital aponeurosis
Commonly used for venipuncture

79
Q

Venous return flow chart

A

Dorsum venus anastomoses-cephalic, basilic-axillary-subclavian (internal jugular joins)-brachipocephalic (r and l)-superior vena cava-right atrium

80
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Dorsal root - Afferent (sensory)
Ventral root - Efferent (Motor)
Joins to form spinal nerve and splits into dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

Dorsal ramus innervates the erector spinal and the ventral ramus innervates the rest of the upper body - for unit 3 its the upper limbs.

8 cervical nerves (7 vertebrae)
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

81
Q

Spinal nerve names

A

C1-7 spinal nerves - located superior to the vertebrae they exit out of
C8 spinal nerves - exit below C7 vertebrae
T1 and inferior spinal nerves - inferior to the corresponding vertebrae naming

82
Q

Ventral Rami

A

All except T1-T12 merge to form plexuses

Brachial plexus C5-T1

T1 -T12 inter coastal nerves

83
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

C5-T1
Musculocutaneous (C5-7)
Median (C5-T1)
Ulnar (C8-T1)
Radial (C5-T1)
Axillary (C5-6)

84
Q

Muscuolocutaneous Nerve

A

C5-7
Direct continuation of the lateral cord
Pierces through coracobrachialis muscle
Runs between the biceps brachii and Brachialis
Entire anterior arm

85
Q

Median Nerve

A

C5-T1
Formed from ventral rami
Formed 1/2 by lateral cord and 1/2 by medial cord
Enters forearm by passing through cubital fossa
Runs between flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus in anterior forearm innervates all but 1 1/2 muscles of the anterior forearm and only 5 intrinsic hand muscles

86
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

Formed from the ventral rami from spinal cord levels C8-T1
Direct continuation of medial cord
Runs posterior to the medial epicondyle
Runs medially within the anterior forearm
Innervates 1 1/2 muscles in anterior forearm and innervates all but 5 intrinsic hand muscles

87
Q

Radial Nerve

A

Formed from ventral rami from spinal cord levels C5-T1
Direct continuation of the posterior cord
Passes posterior to the humerus within the radial groove
Innervates all of the posterior upper limb muscles

88
Q

Axillary Nerve

A

C5-C6
Branch off the posterior cord
Passes posterior to the humerus around surgical neck
Deltoid and teres minor innervation

89
Q

Innervation exceptions for median vs ulnar

A

Ulnar nerve innervates flexor carpi ulnaris and half of flexor digitorum profundus
Median nerve innervates all of the other forearm muscles m

90
Q

Long thoracic nerve

A

C5-C7
Innervates the serratus anterior

91
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve

A

C6-C8 branches off posterior cord
Innervates latissimus dorsi

ANATOMY 2300 (11 decks)

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