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ANATOMY 2300 > Lower Body > Flashcards

Lower Body Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Sacrum attaches to Ossa Coxae via Sacroiliac joint.
Lower Extremity of sacrum is the Coccyx
Inner space is called the Pelvic Inlet
Two anterior foremen known as the obturator foremen
Ossa Coxae attached via pubic symphysis
Front of Os Coxa marked by anterior superior iliac spine (AsIS), anterior inferior iliac spine (AiIS) and Pubic Tubercule.
True Pelvis : Coccyx-Bottom of Pubic Symphysis to Top of Pubic Symphysis-Sacral Promontory
False Pelvis : Anterior attached to Abdominal wall.

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2
Q

Sacrum (Anterior)

A

Promontory attached to most inferior lumbar spine.
Anterior Sacral Foramina
Coccyx

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3
Q

Sacrum (Posterior)

A

Median Sacral Crest
Auricular Surface lateral of Sacrum
Sacral Canal: Holds Spinal Cord
Sacral Hiatus
Sacral Comua: Coccyx attachment

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4
Q

Os Coxae (Lateral Anterior)

A

Ilium
Iliac crest
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine, Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Acetabulum
Body of Pubis, Pubis
Inferior Ramus of pubis
Obturator Foramen

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5
Q

Os Coxae (Lateral Posterior)

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
Posterior Inferior Iliac spine
Greater Sciatic notch (Greater Sciatic Foramina)
Ischial body
Ischial spine
Lesser Sciatic Foramina
Ischial tuberosity
Ischium
Ischial Ramus

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6
Q

Os Coxae (Medial)

A

Iliac Crest
Iliac Fossa
Arcuate line
Superior Ramus of pubis
Pubic tubercule
Pubis interior
Articuler surface of pubis
Inferior ramus of pubis

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7
Q

Pelvic Foramen

A

Sciatic Foramen (greater and lesser): Split by sacrospinous ligament
Lesser Sciatic Foramen inferior border: Sacrotuberous ligament

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8
Q

Femur

A

Femoral head : Attach to Acetabulum, ball and socket joint
Neck
Greater Trochanter - Intertrochanteric crest - Lesser trochanter(Medial)
Gluteal Tuberosity (Posterior)
Shaft
Linea Aspera (Posterior)
Lateral supracondylar ridge
Adductor tubercule
Epicondyle (Lateral and medial)
Condole (Lateral and medial)
Popliteal Surface (posterior
Patellar Surface (anterior)
Intercondylar fossa

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9
Q

Patella

A

Base (Superior)
Apex (Inferior)
Lateral articular facet (dip, wider, smoother)
Medial articular facet (bump, narrow, rough)

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10
Q

Tibia

A

Intercondylar eminence
Lateral and medial condyle (articular surfaces)
tibial tuberosity (Patellar tendon attachment)
Anterior crest
Medial Malleolus
Articular surface
Soleal line (Soleus Muscle)

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11
Q

Fibula

A

Head of Fibula (below tibial condyle not articulating with femur)
Lateral Malleolus

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12
Q

Foot

A

Dorsal
Talus: troches of talus articulates with tibia and fibula
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (Medial, intermediate, and lateral)
Metatarsals
Phalanges (Proximal, Middle, Distal(except Hallux))

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13
Q

Joints

A

Sacroiliac: Sacrum and Coxal
Pubic symphysis: Pubic bones
Hip: coxal and femur
Knee: Synovial, modified hinge joint (Tibiofemoral, femoropatellar)
Ankle: tibia and fibula with talus
Toe: adjacent phalanges

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14
Q

Knee Joint

A

Synovial, Modified hinge joint : Glides and rotates
Strength: Quadricep femoris muscle
Tendon of quadriceps femoris attaches to patella and moves down to patellar ligament
TCL (medial) FCL (Lateral)
ACL: Lateral Condyle(femur) to anterior intercondylar space, prevent anterior translation of femur
PCL: Medial Condyle(femur) to posterior intercondylar area, prevent posterior translation of femur
Patellar retinacula: Vastus medial is, lateralis aponeuroses
Medial patellar retinaculum, lateral patella retinaculum
Meniscus: Shock absorbing

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15
Q

Fascia Latae

A

Deep fascia that invests the thigh
IT band

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16
Q

Gluteal Muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Deep
Piriformis
Other deep lateral rotators

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17
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: Posterior ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
Action: extend hip, lateral rotation of hip (thigh)
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve
Stand and sit muscle
Stair muslce

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18
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Origin: outer surface and crest of ilium
Insertion: Greater trochanter
Action: Hip abduction (thigh)
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve
Pelvic stabilization
Single leg stable

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19
Q

Gluteal minimus

A

Abduct hip (thigh)
Superior gluteal nerve
Pelvic stabilization
Single leg stable

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20
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Anterior iliac crest
IT
Flex hip (thigh)
Abduct hip (thigh)
Superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

Piriformis

A

passes through greater sciatic Foramen
Lateral rotation of the hip (thigh)

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22
Q

Anterior Hip

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
(Iliopsoas)
Flex hip joint
pass through inguinal ligament to become iliopsoas

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23
Q

Psoas Major

A

Lumbar vertebrae
Lesser trochanter (medial)
Flex hip (thigh)
Flex trunk
Lumbar spinal nerve

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24
Q

Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa (spread)
Lesser trochanter (medial)
Flex hip (thigh)
Flex trunk
Femoral nerve

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25
Q

Thigh Muscles (Anterior Compartment)

A

Knee (leg) extensors : Except sartorius
Femoral Nerve innervation
Quadricep femoris group
Rectus femoris
Vastus medial is
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus intermedius

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26
Q

Sartorius

A

Anterior Iliac spine attachment
medial surface of proximal tibial insertion
Flex hip, flex knee
Femoral Nerve innervation

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27
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine attachment
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Flex hip
Extend knee (leg)
Femoral nerve innervation

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28
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Lateral lip of linea aspera (femoral lip)
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extend knee (leg)
Femoral nerve innervation

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29
Q

Vastus medial is

A

Medial lip of linea aspera
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extend Knee (leg)
Femoral nerve innervation

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30
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Anterior shaft of proximal femur attachment
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Extend knee (leg)
Femoral nerve innervation

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31
Q

Medial Thigh muscles

A

Adductor group
Obturator nerve innervation
Gracilis
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus

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32
Q

Gracilis

A

Pubic bone attachment
Medial surface of proximal tibial insertion
Adductor of hip (thigh)
Flex knee (leg)
Obturator nerve

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33
Q

Pectineus

A

Pubic bone attachment
Posterior surface of proximal femur
Adductor hip (thigh)
Flex hip (thigh)
Femoral nerve and obturator nerve innervation

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34
Q

Adductor longus

A

Pubic bone attachment
Linea aspera of femur (posterior)
Adductor of hip (thigh)
Obturator nerve innervation

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35
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Pubic bone attachment
Posterior surface of proximal femur insertion
Adductor of hip (thigh)
Obturator nerve

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36
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Adductor part and hamstring part separate insertion
Pubic bone and ischium attachment
Linea aspera of femur and adductor tubercule
Obturator nerve innervation

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37
Q

Adductor Hiatus

A

Femoral vessel pass through from anterior thigh to posterior thigh and then popliteal fossa

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38
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles

A

Hamstring muscles
Tibial nerve innervation
Bicep femoris: Long head
Short head : innervated by common fibula nerve, doesn’t cross hip joint, no hip extension only knee flexion
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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39
Q

Bicep femoris (long head)

A

Ischial tuberosity attachment
Head of fibula insertion
Extend hip (thigh)
Flex knee (leg)
Tibial nerve innervation

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40
Q

Bicep femoris (short head)

A

Linea aspera attachment
Head of fibula insertion
Flex knee (leg) ONLY
Common fibula nerve innervation (NOT TIBIAL)

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41
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Ischial Tuberosity attachment
Medial surface of proximal tibial
Extend hip (thigh)
Flex knee (leg)
Tibial nerve innervation

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42
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Ischial tuberosity attachment
Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia insertion
Extend hip (thigh)
Flex knee (leg)
Tibial nerve innervation

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43
Q

Pes Ansérine

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
Insert on proximal tibia

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44
Q

Rules Leg muscle

A

Any tendon crossing ANTERIOR will at least DORSIFLEX foot
Any tendon crossing POSTERIOR will at least PLANTARFLEX foot
Any TIBIALIS (medial) muscle will at least INVERT food
Any FIBULARIS (lateral) muscle will at least EVERT food

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45
Q

Leg Muscle

A

Anterior, lateral, posterior
Separated by crural fascia

46
Q

Crural Fascia

A

Deep fascia that invests in the leg

47
Q

Anterior Compartment Leg Muscle

A

Dorsiflexors of the ankle (foot) and extensors of the toes
Deep fibula nerve innervation
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

48
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Anterior tibia and interosseous membrane attachment
Medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1 insertion
Dorsiflex foot
Invert foot
Deep fibular nerve innervation

49
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Anterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment
Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux insertion
Dorsiflex foot
Extend hallux
Deep fibular nerve innervation

50
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Anterior tibia, anterior fibular, and interosseous membrane attachment
Dorsal surface of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 insertion
Dorsiflex foot
Extend digits 2-5
Deep fibular nerve

51
Q

Fibularis tertius

A

Anterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment
Base of metatarsal 5 insertion
Dorsiflex foot
Evert foot
Deep fibular nerve innervation

52
Q

Lateral leg muscles

A

Plantar flexor the ankle (foot) and evert the foot
Both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

53
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Lateral fibula attachment
Base of metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform insertion
Plantar flexion of foot
Evert foot
Superficial fibular nerve innervation

54
Q

Fibular brevis

A

Lateral fibula attachment
Base of metatarsal 5
Plantar flexion of foot
Evert foot
Superficial fibular nerve

55
Q

Posterior leg muscles (superficial)

A

Plantar flexors of the ankle
Innervated by tibial nerve
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

56
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Medial and lateral femoral condyles attachment
Calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon insertion
Flex knee (leg)
Plantar flex (foot)
Tibial nerve innervation

57
Q

Soleus Muscle

A

Soleal line of tibia and fibula
Calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
Plantar flexion of foot
Tibial nerve

58
Q

Plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar ridge of femur attachment
Calcaneal tuberosity insertion
Flex knee (leg)
Plantar flexion of foot
Tibial nerve innervation

59
Q

Posterior leg muscle (deep)

A

Plantar flexors and flexors of toes
Tibial nerve innervation
Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

60
Q

Popliteus

A

Lateral femoral condyle attachment
Posterior tibia superficial to Soleal line
Flexion of knee (leg)
Medial rotation of tibia
Tibial nerve innervation

61
Q

Tibialis posterior muscle

A

Posterior tibia, posterior fibula, and interosseous membrane attachment
Navicular, all cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsal 2-4 insertion
Plantar flex foot
Invert foot
Tibial nerve innervation

62
Q

Flexor Hallucis longus

A

Posterior fibula and interosseous membrane attachment
Base of the distal phalanx of hallux
Plantar flex foot
Flex hallux
Tibial nerve innervation

63
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Posterior tibia attachment
Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5 insertion
Plantar flex foot
Flex digits 2-5
Tibial nerve innervation

64
Q

Tarsal Tunnel

A

Tendon of Tibialis posterior
Tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve
Tendon of flexor hallucis longus

Tom, Dick, And Nervous Harry

65
Q

Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot

A

Extensors of the toes
Both innervated by the deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis

66
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis muscle

A

Superior surface of anterior calcaneus attachment
Base of proximal phalanx of hallux
Extensor of hallux
Deep fibular nerve innervation

67
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis muscle

A

Superior surface of anterior calcaneous attachment
Extensor digitorum longus tendon of digits 2-4 insertion
Extend digits 2-4
Deep fibular nerve innervation

68
Q

Plantar surface foot muscle

A

Flexors and abductor of toes
Four layers
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi

69
Q

Abductor hallucis muscle

A

Calcaneous and plantar aponeurosis attachment
Medial side of proximal phalanx of hallux insertion
Abduct hallux
Medial plantar nerve innervation

70
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis muscle

A

Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis attachment
Side of middle phalanges digits 2-5 insertion
Flex digits 2-5
Medial plantar nerve innervation

71
Q

Abductor digiti minimi muscle

A

Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis attachment
Lateral side of proximal phalanx of digit 5
Abduction digits 5
Lateral plantar nerve innervation

72
Q

Heart to Aorta

A

Left Ventricle
Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending thoracic aorta
Descending abdominal aorta (split from thoracic via diaphragm)

73
Q

Abdominal aorta branching

A

Descending abdominal aorta (split at L4 spine)
Right common iliac artery Left common iliac artery
External iliac - Internal iliac External iliac - Internal iliac

74
Q

Internal Iliac artery

A

Obturator artery (Medial compartment of thigh)
Superior gluteal artery (Gluteal region)
Inferior gluteal artery (Gluteal region)

75
Q

Superior gluteal artery and vein

A

Superior to Piriformis muscle (landmark muscle)
Nerves travel with artery and vein
Feeds into gluteus medialis and minimis

76
Q

Inferior Gluteal artery and vein

A

Inferior to Piriformis muscle (Landmark)
Feeds gluteus Maximus

77
Q

External iliac artery gives off/continues to

A

Femoral artery
Deep femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial artery
Fibular artery

78
Q

External iliac artery pass through

A

Inguinal ligament to continue into femoral artery

79
Q

Femoral artery pass through

A

The adductor hiatus to become popliteal
*or Continues into deep femoral

80
Q

Femoral artery

A

Comes from external iliac artery
Anterior thigh, travels deep to sartorius through adductor hiatus

81
Q

Deep femoral artery

A

Non terminal branch off femoral artery
Branches of dorsilaterally from the femoral artery

82
Q

Popliteal Artery

A

Femoral artery pass through adductor hiatus
Behind knee to popliteal fossa
Divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

83
Q

Anterior tibial artery

A

Pass through interosseous membrane from popliteal to anterior side of tibia
Travels with deep fibular nerve
Pass the ankle to become dorsalis pedis artery (anterior/dorsal of foot)

84
Q

Dorsalis Pedis artery

A

Anterior tibial becomes the dorsalis pedis at the ankle

85
Q

Posterior tibial artery

A

Part of tarsal tunnel
Splits into fibular artery

86
Q

Fibular artery

A

Non terminal branch off posterior tibial artery

87
Q

Posterior tibial artery movement

A

Bifurcates into lateral and medial plantar arteries

88
Q

Anastomosis

A

Conjoining of multiple arteries into a system of arteries

89
Q

Deep veins

A

Named the same as the corresponding arteries
Reverse order of arteries (excepte common iliac veins join to become vena cava)

90
Q

Superficial

A

Located within subcutaneous layer.
Begin on the dorsum of the foot.
Greater saphenous - femoral vein
Lesser saphenous - popliteal vein

91
Q

Great saphenous

A

Flows back from the ankle all the way to the external iliac

92
Q

Lesser Saphenous

A

Flows back into popliteal vein to femoral vein

93
Q

Drainage scheme

A

Dorsal venous arch
G. Saphenous - femoral vein - external iliac common iliac- inferior vena cava
L. Saphenous - popliteal vein - femoral vein - external iliac - common iliac - inferior vena cava
Medial and lateral plantar vein - posterior tibial - popliteal - femoral - e. iliac - i. Iliac - i vena cava
Dorsal venous arch - anterior tibial - popliteal - femoral - e. Iliac - i. Iliac - i vena cava
Fibular - posterior tibial - same as above after popliteal

94
Q

Ventral Rami

A

All except T1- T12 form plexuses
- Cervical: C1 - C4
- Brachial: C5 - T1
- Lumbar: T12 - L4
-Sacral: L4 - S4

T1-T12 are intercostal nerves

95
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Nerve plexus -> Peripheral nerve (Named Nerve) -> Target
Lower limb plexuses : Lumbar (T12-L4), Sacral (L4-S4)

96
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

T12-L4
Emerge anteriorly
Femoral: Anterior thigh
Obturator: Medial thigh

97
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4 ventral rami
Superficial of iliacus muscle
Deep to inguinal ligament
Into anterior thigh with femoral artery
Anterior thigh, iliacus, half of Pectineus innervated

98
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

L2-L4
Medial to psoas major
Enter medial thigh through obturator Foramen
Medial thigh muscle innervation

99
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

Superior gluteal n.
Inferior gluteal n.
Common fibular n.
Tibial n.
Sciatic n.

100
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

L4-S1
Exit pelvis through greater sciatic Foramen
Superior to Piriformis muscle (between glute med and glute min)
Innervated glute med, glute min, and tensor fasciae Latae muscles

101
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2
Greater sciatic Foramen exit
Inferior to Piriformis (deep to glute max)
Only innervated glute max

102
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
Great sciatic Foramen exit
Posterior gluteal region inferior to Piriformis
Tibial and common fib n. Bifurcation

103
Q

Tibial nerve

A

L4-S3
Medial division of sciatic nerve
Superficial within popliteal fossa
Innervated posterior thigh (except bicep femoris short head) and all posterior leg muscle
Runs with tarsal tunnel posterior to tibial malleolus
Medial and lateral plantar n. Bifurcation

104
Q

Medial/Lateral plantar nerves

A

Division off tibial n.
Intrinsic muscle of plantar foot innervation
Medial plantar: adductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
Lateral plantar: abductor digiti minimi

105
Q

Common fibular nerve

A

L4-S2
Lateral division of sciatic nerve
Wraps around the neck of fibula
Superficial and deep fibular n. Bifurcation
Innervated only the biceps femoris short head

106
Q

Superficial fibular nerve

A

Lateral division of common fib n.
Between Fibularis longus and brevis
Continues to cutaneous innervation
Innervates lateral leg muscle

107
Q

Deep fibular nerve

A

Medial division of common fib
Tibialis anterior and external hallucis longus
Cutaneous innervation in the flip flop region
Anterior leg and both muscle of dorsum foot innervation

108
Q

damage to common fibers above fibula

A

Lateral and anterior affected
Foot drop, can’t Dorsiflex and extend digits
Can evert due to damage to deep and superficial
Anesthesia on dorsum of foot

109
Q

Femoral Triangle

A

Femoral artery pulse
Medial to lateral (VAN)
Adductor longus
Sartorius
Inguinal ligament

110
Q

Adductor canal

A

Quadricep femoris and the medial femoral muscles
Deep to sartorius
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

111
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Pulse difficult to palpate due to depth
Deep to superficial - popliteal artery, vein, tibial nerve, common fibular nerve.

ANATOMY 2300 (11 decks)

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