Upper Limb II

Question 1

Describe what 5 things make up the forearm

Answer 1

Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

Question 2

Describe the position of the ulna

Answer 2

lies medially on the side of the little finger

Question 3

Describe the olecranon process of the ulna

Answer 3

found at the posterior proximal end of the ulna, forms the prominence of the elbow, this along with the coronoid process articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Question 4

Describe the coronoid process of the ulna

Answer 4

an anterior projection, this along with the olecranon process articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Question 5

Describe the trochlear notch of the ulna

Answer 5

the curved area lying between the olecranon process and the coronoid process, receives the trochlea of the humerus

Question 6

Describe the radial notch of the ulna

Answer 6

a depression located laterally and inferiorly to the trochlear notch, receives the head of the radius

Question 7

Describe the ulnar tuberosity

Answer 7

inferior to the coronoid process, provides a point of attachment for biceps brachii muscle

Question 8

Describe the distal end of the ulna

Answer 8

consists of a head that is separated from the bones of the wrist by fibrocartilage disc

Question 9

Describe the styloid process of the ulna

Answer 9

at the distal end, on posterior aspect

Question 10

Describe the radius

Answer 10

smaller lateral bone of the forearm, located on the side of the thumb

Question 11

Describe the head of the radius

Answer 11

disc-shaped, found at proximal end of radius, articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna

Question 12

Describe the neck of the radius

Answer 12

inferior to the head of the radius, constricted area

Question 13

Describe the radial tuberosity

Answer 13

inferior to the neck of the radius on the medial side, raised roughened area, point of attachment for tendon of biceps branchii muscle

Question 14

Describe the shaft of the radius

Answer 14

widens distally to form a concave inferior surface, articulates with the lunate and the scaphoid bones of the wrist

Question 15

Describe the styloid process of the radius

Answer 15

at the distal end, on lateral border, can be palpated just proximal to the thumb

Question 16

Describe the ulnar notch of the radius

Answer 16

concave, medial, articulates with the distal end of the ulna

Question 17

Describe the articulations at the elbow joint

Answer 17

head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, trochlea notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Question 18

Describe the articulations between the radius and the ulna

Answer 18

Between the shafts of the 2 bone there is an interosseous membrane (a sheet of fibrous connective tissue) - site of attachment for some of the tendons of the forearm,
Proximally the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna forming the proximal radioulnar joint
Distally the head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius forming the distal radioulnar joint

Question 19

Describe which 3 carpal bones the distal end of the radius articulates with

Answer 19

lunate, scaphoid, triquetrum - forms the radoiocarpal joints

Question 20

Describe the Colles Fracture - 3 points

Answer 20

a fall on an outstretched hand causing the radius to bear the brunt of the force transmitted through the hand resulting in a transverse fracture of the distal radius, hand is displaced backwards & upwards

Question 21

Describe the Smiths Fracture (or ‘reverse Colles’) - 4 points

Answer 21

injury to the radius near the wrist joint, bone is displaced so the wrist joint rests in front of its normal anatomical position, most commonly due to a fall onto the back of the hand, Smith’s Fracture = quite unstable, almost always needs fixation by some method (ORIF)

Question 22

Describe the 8 carpals of the wrist

Answer 22

lay in the proximal region of the hand, 2 transverse rows of 4, joined together with ligaments and articulate with each other at interracial joints, mostly the scaphoid that gets broken due to force of fall being transmitted form the capitate through the scaphoid into the radius

Question 23

Name the 4 proximal carpal bones from lateral to medial

Answer 23

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 24

Name the 4 distal carpal bones from lateral to medial

Answer 24

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 25

Describe the metacarpals of the hand - 5 points

Answer 25

5, form the intermediate area of the hand, number I-V beginning with the thumb moving from lateral to medial, each consist of a proximal base/intermediate shaft/distal head

Question 26

Describe the articulations of the metacarpals of the hand

Answer 26

the bases articulate with the carpal bones forming the carpometacarpal joints
the heads articulate with the phalanges forming the metacarpalphalangeal joints

Question 27

Describe the phalanges of the hand

Answer 27

make up the 5 fingers, in total = 14 phalanges in 5 digits because the thumb has 2 and the other 4 fingers have 3, labelled I-V, each phalanx has a proximal base/intermediate shaft/distal head

Question 28

Name the joints between the phalanges

Answer 28

the interphalangeal joints