Pelvis

Question 1

Pelvic Girdle consists of …

Answer 1

2 hip bones united anteriorly at the symphysis pubis and posteriorly at the sacrum through the sacroiliac joints

Question 2

Purpose of the pelvic girdle is …

Answer 2

to provide strong stable support for vertebral column/pelvic and lower abdominal contents, connects lower limbs to axial skeleton, offers a greater degree of strength and lesser degree of mobility

Question 3

3 bones the pelvic girdle consists of

Answer 3

Ilium (superiorly), Pubis (anteriorly & inferiorly), Ischium (posteriorly & inferiorly) - all fuse together at around 23 yrs

Question 4

Describe the ilium - 3 points

Answer 4

largest of the 3 components, has ALA (wing) superiorly & body inferiorly, body forms part of the acetabulum

Question 5

acetabulum articulates with …

Answer 5

head of the femur

Question 6

Describe the iliac crest and the iliac spine

Answer 6

iliac crest is the superior border of the ilium and it projects anteriorly and ends at the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) sits inferiorly to the ASIS, iliac crest projects posteriorly finishing at the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), the posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) sits inferior to the PSIS

Question 7

Describe the ischium - 2 points

Answer 7

the inferior and posterior portion of the hip bone, has superior body & inferior ramus which fuses with the pubis

Question 8

what 3 things does the ischium have

Answer 8

ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch below the spine, ischial tuberoscity

Question 9

the ischium and pubis surround the …

Answer 9

obturator formamen, covered by fibrous obturator membrane but vessels and nerves still pass through it

Question 10

Describe the pubis - 2 points

Answer 10

the anterior inferior portion, made up of a superior rams inferior ramus and a body between them

Question 11

Pubic tubercle projects …

Answer 11

anteriorly and superiorly from pubis

Question 12

Pubic symphysis is …

Answer 12

where the 2 pubic bones meet, separated by a disco of fibro-cartilage, during childbirth hormones act on the pubic symphysis allowing it to relax and aid delivery

Question 13

Describe the acetabulum - 4 points

Answer 13

a deep fossa formed by ilium, ischium and pubis, inferior aspect is the acetabular notch, this forms a foramen through which blood vessels and nerves pass, a point of attachment for ligaments of ball and socket hip joint

Question 14

Bony pelvis is divided into …

Answer 14

superior/inferior portions by pelvic brim, portion above = greater (false) pelvis, portion below = lesser (true) pelvis

Question 15

Describe the line drawn to divide the pelvis into true/false

Answer 15

a line from the sacral promontory, laterally and inferiorly along the lines of the ilium, and then along the superior aspect of the pubis

Question 16

What does the false pelvis house

Answer 16

no pelvic organs, only the urinary bladder when its full, uterus/ovaries/uterine tubes of female

Question 17

The true pelvis has a …

Answer 17

pelvic inlet, pelvic outlet, cavity

Question 18

The true pelvis is bound by …

Answer 18

sacrum/coccyx posteriorly, ilium/ischium laterally, pubis anteriorly

Question 19

The superior & inferior borders of the true pelvis are …

Answer 19

superior opening is bordered by the pelvic brim = pelvic inlet, inferior opening is bordered by the pelvic outlet

Question 20

Differences between the male and the female pelvis - 5 points

Answer 20

male = pelvic brim is smaller/heart shaped, heavier, acetabulum is largely and more lateral, obturator formamen is more round, pubic arch is less than 90 degrees
female = pelvic brim is larger/more oval, lighter, acetabulum is small and anterior, obturator formate is more oval, pubic arch is greater than 90 degrees

Question 21

Describe the sacrum - 4 points

Answer 21

triangular, formed by union of 5 sacral vertebrae - fusion begins at 18 completed by 30, found posteriorly, articulates with iliac bones at scare-iliac joints (SIJ)

Question 22

The female sacrum is …

Answer 22

shorter, wider, more curved between S2-S3

Question 23

Describe what the sacrum faces and the sacrums posterior crests- 3 points
and its transverse lines/processes - 3 points

Answer 23

concave anterior side faces pelvic cavity, convex posterior surface contains medial sacral crest which is fused upper spinous processes of sacral vertebrae, lateral sacral crest = fusion of transverse processes,
contains 4 transverse lines/ridges which mark the fusion of vertebrae, at the ends of these lines are anterior sacral foramina, fused transverse processes of S1 form the sacral ala

Question 24

Describe the posterior sacral foramina - 3 points

Answer 24

4 pairs, connect with anterior sacral foramina, transmit nerves & blood vessels

Question 25

Describe the sacral canal and the 5th sacral vertebrae

Answer 25

Sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal

The 5th sacral vertebrae attach to the coccyx by ligaments

Question 26

Apex of the sacrum is …

Answer 26

the narrow inferior portion

Question 27

Base of the sacrum is …

Answer 27

the broader superior portion

Question 28

Sacral promontory is …

Answer 28

the anteriorly projecting border

Question 29

Auricular surface of the sacrum is …

Answer 29

ear-shaped, lateral, allows articulation with iliac bones at SIJ

Question 30

Describe the articulation between S1 and L5 - 2 points

Answer 30

superior articular process of S1 articulates with inferior articular process of L5 - base of sacrum articulates with body of L5 forming limbo-sacral joint

Question 31

Describe the coccyx - 3 points

Answer 31

triangular, fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae, foramina on the lateral aspect

Question 32

Purpose of the coccyx and its articulations - 2 points

Answer 32

useful for ligament and tendon attachment, articulates superiorly with sacrum

Question 33

Difference between male and female coccyx

Answer 33

males = points anteriorly 
females = moves inferiorly - childbirth