Joints II

Question 1

3 types of Classification by Articulating Surfaces

Answer 1

Simple Joint, Compound Joint, Complex Joint

Question 2

Simple Joint - description and example

Answer 2

only 2 articular surfaces involved, e.g. inter-phalangeal joint of a finger

Question 3

Compound Joint - description and example

Answer 3

between more than 2 articulating surfaces, e.g. elbow joint

Question 4

Complex Joint - description and example

Answer 4

articular disc intervenes in whole/part, between articulating surfaces, e.g. knee

Question 5

3 types of classification of synovial joints by movement

Answer 5

Uni-axial Joint, Bi-axial Joint, Multi-axial Joint

Question 6

Uni-axial Joint - description and example

Answer 6

allow movement in one plane only, e.g. elbow, only able to flex and extend

Question 7

Bi-axial Joint - description and example

Answer 7

allow movement in 2 planes - e.g. wrist, flex, extends, abducts and adducts

Question 8

Multi-axial Joint - description and example

Answer 8

allow movements in many planes - e.g. shoulder, flex, extends, abducts, adducts, medially and laterally rotates and circumducts

Question 9

6 categories for classification of synovial joints by shape

Answer 9

Plane Joints (gliding), Hinge Joints, Pivot Joints, Ellipsoid Joints (condyloid), Saddle Joints, Ball & Socket Joints

Question 10

Plane/Gliding Joints - description and examples

Answer 10

articular surface = flat/slightly curved, moves in any direction but slightly restricted by ligaments, e.g. carpel/tarsel bones or rib articulation with thoracic vertebrae

Question 11

Hinge Joints - description and examples

Answer 11

Uni-axial Joints, strong ligaments laterally (collateral ligaments) to hold bones together without restricting normal movement of flexion and extension, e.g. interphalangeal joints or elbow joint

Question 12

Pivot Joint - description and examples

Answer 12

Uni-axial Joints where a bony pivot is surrounded by a ring made partly of bone and partly of fibrous tissue, e.g. atlanto-axial where the atlas and the ligament rotate about the odontoid peg allowing rotation along the longitudinal axis or the superior radio-ulnar joint - allows rotation along the longitudinal axis

Question 13

Ellipsoid Joint (condyloid) - description and examples

Answer 13

have 1 oval convex articular surface fitting into an elliptical concave articular surface, bi-axial, movement in 2 planes at right angles to each other, e.g. wrist (radio-carpal) permits flexion/extension/abduction/adduction or the knee which is a condylar joint, allows flexion/extension and rotation about the longitudinal axis

Question 14

Saddle Joint - description and example

Answer 14

have reciprocal concavo-convex articular surfaces, saddle describes shape of articular surface, e.g. carpe-metacarpal joint of the thumb, allows flexion/extension/abduction/adduction and rotation

Question 15

Ball & Socket Joint - desciption and examples

Answer 15

multi-axial joints, have cup-shaped concavity allowing movement around many axes - allows flexion/extension/abduction/adduction/medial and lateral rotation and circumduction