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Anatomy 1 > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb consists of 30 bones …

A

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones (7), metatarsals (5), phalanges (14)

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2
Q

Describe the femur and its articulations - 4 points

A

longest, strongest, heaviest bone, proximally articulates with acetabulum of pelvis, distally articulates with tibia and patella, proximal end = rounded head and its this + acetabulum that creates the hip joint

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3
Q

fovea capitis - description and purpose - 3 points

A

depression in the head of the femur, provides point of attachment for ligament of head of femur, connects femur to acetabulum

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4
Q

neck of femur - 3 points

A

constricted region, found distal to head, often site of fracture

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5
Q

Greater & Lesser Trochanters - where found and description

A

projections from junction of neck and shaft of femur,
lesser trochanter = inferior and medial to greater trochanter
Greater trochanter = easily distinguished and palpable

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6
Q

Intertrochanteric Line

A

lies between anterior surfaces of trochanters

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7
Q

Intertrochanteric Crest

A

between posterior surfaces of trochanters

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8
Q

Purpose of the trochanters

A

attachment for tendons of thigh and buttock muscles

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9
Q

Gluteal Tuberoscity and Linea Aspera - 4 points

A

inferior to intertrochanteric crest, vertical ridge, and the line aspera which is part of the shaft of the femur, point of attachment for tendons of some thigh muscles

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10
Q

Describe the shaft of the femur and the differences between male and females - 3 points

A

shaft angles medially, brings knee joint closer to midline, angle = greater in females due to broader pelvis

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11
Q

Describe the distal end of the femur - 2 points

A

expanded distal end, features femoral medial & lateral condyles which articulate with tibial medial & lateral condyles

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12
Q

What are the 2 names given for between the femoral condyles at the distal end of the femur, anterior and posterior

A 
Anterior = patella surface
Posterior = intercondylar fossa
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13
Q

collateral ligaments in the knee attach to …

A

medial and lateral epicondyles - found superior to condyles of femur

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14
Q

Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments - where found and purpose

A

major in the knee, maintain anteroposterior relationship of distal femur and proximal tibia during flexion and extension

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15
Q

Describe the Patella

A

small, triangular, sesamoid bone, anterior to knee joint, develops in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

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16
Q

Base of the patella

A

broad proximal end

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17
Q

Apex of the patella

A

pointed distal end

18
Q

Describe the articular facet of the patella

A

on the posterior, articulate with femoral condyles (medial & lateral), creates the patella-femoral joint between posterior surface of patella and the patella surface of the femur

19
Q

Purpose of the Patella

A

protects the knee joint, increases the leverage and maintains position of the tendon and quadriceps femoris muscle when the knee is flexed

20
Q

Describe the tibia - 4 points

A

larger/more medial than the fibula, the weight-bearing bone of the two, connected to fibula by interosseous membrane, has a medial & lateral condyle proximally where it articulates with the condyles of the femur - medial & lateral tibio-femoral joints

21
Q

Describe the tibia’s articulation with the fibula

A

the inferior surface of the lateral tibial condyle articulates with the head of the fibula - proximal tibiofibular joint

22
Q

Intercondylar eminence

A

an upward projection separating the condyles on the tibia posteriorly

23
Q

tibial tuberoscity

A

a prominence on the anterior aspect of the proximal tibia

24
Q

medial malleolus - where found, articulates with

A

on the distal, medial surface of the tibia, articulates with the talus of the ankle

25
Q

fibular notch - 3 points

A

found on the tibia, articulates with the distal end of the fibula, forms the distal tibiofibular joint

26
Q

Describe the fibula

A

lies parallel and later to the tibia

27
Q

Describe the fibula’s articulations with the femur/tibia/talus

A

doesn’t articulate with the femur, articulates proximally with the lateral condyle of the tibia - proximal tibiofibular joint, distal end has a projection = lateral malleolus which articulates with the talus of the ankle

28
Q

Purpose of the fibula

A

helps stabilise the ankle joint

29
Q

7 tarsal bones - anterior

A

navicular, 3x Cuneiform - medial, intermediate, lateral, cuboid

30
Q

7 tarsal bones - posterior

A

Talus, calcaneus

31
Q

Describe the Intertarsal joints

A

joints between the tarsal bones

32
Q

Describe the Talus - 3 points

A

most superior, articulates with tibia & fibula at the medial & lateral malleolli = talocrural joint - during walking, half the weigh transmitted through the talus to the calcaneum, the rest is distributed to remaining tarsal bones

33
Q

Describe the metatarsals - 3 points

A

form the intermediate portion of the foot, numbered I-V from medial to lateral, 1st = thickest because it bears more weight

34
Q

Describe the parts of the metatarsals and their articulations - 3 points

A

each metatarsal has a proximal base, shaft and a distal head, articulate proximally with all the cuneiform bones and the cuboid - forming tarso-metatarsal joints, articulate distally with the phalanges forming metatarso-phalangeal joints

35
Q

Describe fractures found in the metatarsals and how - 3 points

A

fractures are common at the base of the 5th metatarsal, this is where the peroneus brevis tendon lies, when this tendon is wrenched from the bone in an inversion injury it can pull bone fragment with it

36
Q

Describe phalanges - 3 points

A

form most distal component in the foot, numbered I-V from medial to lateral, each has a proximal base, intermediate shaft and a distal head

37
Q

Describe the Hallux and compare with the other phalanges - 2 points

A

Otherwise known as the Big Toe, this is 2 large phalanges (proximal and distal), other 4 toes have 3 phalanges (proximal, intermediate and distal)

38
Q

Describe the Inter-phalangeal Joints

A

joints between the phalanges

39
Q

Describe the 2 arches of the foot - 2 points

A

longitudinal and transverse arches, arranged by ligaments and tendons

40
Q

Role of arches in the foot - 3 points

A

support & evenly distribute weight of body, provide leverage when walking, absorb shock when walking/running

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

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