Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 1 > The Cell > Flashcards

The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Molecules combine to form

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

groups of similar cells

A

tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

different tissues join together to form

A

organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Related organs with a common function form

A

organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

all cells arise via

A

cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the plasma membrane - 2 points

A

thin but sturdy/flexible barrier, fluid mosaic model - phospholipids (heads = phosphates, tails = fatty acids) and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Integral proteins

A

embedded across whole membrane, some = channels for transporting substances, others = chains of carbs to identify and respond to dangerous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peripheral proteins

A

loosely attach to membrane, easily separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Role of plasma membrane - 4 points

A

separates internal parts of cell from external environment, facilitates contact with other cells/substances, receptors for hormones/chemicals/ABs, selective barrier - substances in and waste out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

factors affecting permeability - size of mols

A

large (proteins) = unable to pass through, small (water/AAs) = can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

factors affecting permeability - solubility in lipids

A

dissolve easily (o2) = readily pass through because mainly lipid molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

factors affecting permeability - charge on ions

A

ions = opposite charge to membranes and are therefore attracted to it and pass through easily, ion of same charge = repelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

factors affecting permeability - presence of carrier molecules

A

integral proteins attract and transport substances regardless of size/ability/charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 Passive processes

A

diffusion/osmosis/filtration/dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An active process

A

use of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

17
Q

Describe nucleus and explain role of nucleus - 3 points

A

largest structure in cell, double nucleus membrane - with pores to allow passage in/out and for communication with ER in cytoplasm, contains all genetic material for cell growth/division/reproduction

18
Q

Describe nucleolus and explain role of nucleolus - 5 points

A

spherical, composed of RNA/protein, where DNA is found, appears threadlike = chromatin, then shortens during cell division and coils = chromosomes

19
Q

Describe the cytoplasm - 2 points

A

thick/elastic fluid, site of chemical reactions and synthesis of new substances

20
Q

Role of cytoplasm - 3 points

A

facilitates excretion of waste, contains cytoskeleton - network of microfilaments/microtubules providing support/shape - also allows movement of entire cell and structures in cytoplasm

21
Q

Describe and explain role of ribosomes - 2 points

A

found attached to outer surface of nuclear membrane/ER, site of protein synthesis - used/exported

22
Q

Describe the 2 types of ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

A

Granular - contains ribosomes, Agranular - no ribosomes

23
Q

General Role of ER - 3 points

A

allows exchange/transport of material in cell, provides surface for chemical reactions, storage area for synthesised molecules

24
Q

Describe role of Granular ER - 2 points

A

processes/sorts proteins, synthesises/packages proteins with Golgi Apparatus

25
Q

Describe role of Agranular ER - 2 points

A

network of tubules, synthesises lipids/glycogen/steroids

26
Q

Describe and explain role of Golgi Apparatus - 3 points

A

4-8 flattened sacs = cristernae, found close to nucleus and Granular ER, process/sort/deliver proteins

27
Q

Describe mitochondria - 3 points

A

smooth outer surface, inner folds = cristae - provide increased surface area for chemical reactions

28
Q

Explain role of mitochondria - 3 points

A

produces ATP (stores energy for cellular activities) during aerobic respiration, found in large numbers where there are active cells, able to self-replicate when an increase of ATP is required

29
Q

Describe a centrosome - 3 points

A

located near nucleus, contains a pair of centrioles, made up of micro-tubule triplets and protein tubulin

30
Q

Explain role of centrosome - 2 points

A

organising centre for growth of mitotic spindle, critical for/in cell division and reproduction

31
Q

Describe lysosomes - 2 points

A

membrane-enclosed spheres, form from Golgi apparatus

32
Q

Explain role of lysosomes - 4 points

A

the cells digestive system - contains digestive enzymes which break down complex molecules, digest bacteria, break down damaged cells (autolysis)

33
Q

Describe and explain role of a vacuole - 3 points

A

storage bubble, mass of fluid surrounded by membrane, stores nutrients/waste products

34
Q

Describe and explain role of flagella - 3 points

A

projections from cell surface, contains cytoplasm and bound by plasma membrane, co-ordinated movement causes steady movement across its surface (e.g. ciliated cells move mucus with trapped bacteria from respiratory tract)

35
Q

Explain the purpose of cell division - 2 points

A

for growth, to replace damaged/diseased/worn out cells

36
Q

2 types of cell division

A

somatic and reproductive

37
Q

cell division involves 2 types of division -

A

nuclear and cytoplasmic

38
Q

sex cells

A

gametes

Anatomy 1 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions