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Anatomy For The MRCS Part A > Upper Limb Anatomy(EMRCS+Almatary+other Sources) > Flashcards

Upper Limb Anatomy(EMRCS+Almatary+other Sources) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shape of the clavicle?

A

S-shaped

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2
Q

Write short notes on the parts of the clavicle

A
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3
Q

Write short notes on the ends of the clavicle

A
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4
Q

Compare the sternal(medial) and acromial(lateral) ends of the clavicle

A
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5
Q

What is the other name for the sternal clavicular end?

A

Medial clavicular end

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6
Q

What is the shape of the sternal(medial)clavicular end?

A

(1) Quadrangular shape
(2) More robust(bulky)

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7
Q

Write short notes on the facet of the sternal(medial)clavicular end

A
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8
Q

What is the shape of the facet of the sternal(medial)clavicular end?

A

Forward facing convex

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9
Q

What is the size of the facet of the sternal(medial)clavicular end?

A

Much larger

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10
Q

What is the function of the facet of the sternal(medial)clavicular end?

A

For articulation
(1) mainly with-manubrium sterni
(2) to a lesser extent with the-1st costal

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11
Q

Write short notes on the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A
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12
Q

What is the shape of the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A

Flat

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13
Q

Write short notes on the facet of the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A
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14
Q

What is the shape of the facet of the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A

(1) Forward facing concave
(2) oval

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15
Q

What is the size of the facet of the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A

Small

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16
Q

What is the function of the facet of the acromial(lateral) clavicular end?

A

For articulation with a similar facet on the medial surface of the acromion of the scapula

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17
Q

Write short notes on the surfaces of the clavicle

A
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18
Q

What is the other name for the superior clavicular surface

A

Upper clavicular surface

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19
Q

What is the characteristic of the superior(upper) clavicular end?

A

Smooth

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20
Q

What is the other name for the inferior clavicular surface?

A

lower clavicular surface

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21
Q

Write short notes on inferior(lower) clavicular surface

A
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22
Q

What is the characteristic of the lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle?

A

Lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle possesses a distinct tuberosity consisting of:
(1) conoid tubercle
(2) trapezoid line
-Definition- lateral roughening
- Function- attachment of the coracoclavicular
ligament :-
a)trapezoid ligament (lateral)
b)conoid ligament (medial)

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23
Q

Define trapezoid line

A

lateral roughening

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24
Q

What is the function of the trapezoid line?

A

attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament :-
a)trapezoid ligament (lateral)
b)conoid ligament (medial)

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25
Q

What are the ligaments that are attached to the trapezoid line?

A

coracoclavicular ligament :-
a)trapezoid ligament (lateral)
b)conoid ligament (medial)

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26
Q

Write short notes on the surgical importance of the clavicle?

A

1st/Sternoclavicular joint
The clavicle carries the weight of the upper limb and transmits to the trunk through its articulation with the sternum (Sternoclavicular joint).
2nd/Fracture clavicle
+Incidence:It is one of the most fractured bones in the body
+Aetiology:Direct violence as falling on an outstretched hands(FOOSH)
+Site:The junction between the two curvatures
+Effect:SHOULDER DROP-the lateral fragment is displaced downwards by the weight of the limb.

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27
Q

What is the incidence of the clavicle fracture?

A

It is one of the most fractured bones in the body

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28
Q

What is the aetiology of the clavicle fracture?

A

Direct violence as falling on outstretched hand(FOOSH)

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29
Q

What is the effect of the clavicle fracture?

A

Shoulder drop- the lateral fragment is displaced downward by
the weight of the limb

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30
Q

What is the most common site of the clavicle fracture?

A

The junction between the two curvatures

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31
Q

What is the size of the scapula?

A

Large

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32
Q

What is the shape of the scapula?

A

Flat and triangular

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33
Q

What are the parts of the scapula?

A

Rule of 3 :-
(1) 3 angles
(2) 3 borders
(3) 2 surfaces
(4) 3 processes
(5) 3 fossae

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34
Q

Write short notes on the scapular angles

A

1st/superior(upper)angles
At the level of the 2nd rib

2nd/inferior(lower)angles
At the level of the 7th rib

3rd/lateral angles(glenoid cavity)
*shape-shallow
*function-for articulation of the head of the humerus to form
shoulder
*landmarks- MNEMONIC; ITS B or BITS
1)supraglenoid tubercle:
for attachment of biceps brachii muscle
2)infraglenoid tubercle:
for attachment of triceps brachii muscle

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35
Q

What is costal level of the superior(upper) scapular angle?

A

At the level of the 2nd rib

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36
Q

What is the costal level of the inferior(lower) scapular angle?

A

At the level of the 7th rib

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37
Q

Write short notes on the lateral angle(glenoid cavity)

A

*shape-shallow
*function-for articulation of the head of the humerus to form
shoulder
*landmarks- MNEMONIC; ITS B or BITS
1)supraglenoid tubercle:for attachment of biceps
brachii muscle
2)infraglenoid tubercle:for attachment of triceps
brachii muscle

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38
Q

What is the shape of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A

shallow

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39
Q

what is the function of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A

for articulation of the head of the humerus to form shoulder

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40
Q

Define the brachial plexus

A

A network of nerve fibres that supplies the skin and musculature of the upper limbs

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41
Q

What is the location of brachial plexus?

A
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42
Q

What is the origin of the brachial plexus?

A
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43
Q

What are the components of the brachial plexus?

A
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44
Q

Draw a schematic presentation of the brachial plexus

A
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45
Q

Discuss formation of the brachial plexus

A
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46
Q

What is the location of the roots,trunks and division of the brachial plexus?

A

Lie in the posterior triangle of the neck

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47
Q

What is the location of the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

(1)Lie in the axilla
(2)Related to the axillary artery,being medial,lateral and posterior as per their name respectively.

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48
Q

Discuss formation of the roots of the brachial plexus

A
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49
Q

Discuss formation of the trunks of the brachial plexus

A
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50
Q

Discuss formation of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Formed by union of the upper two (C5-C6) roots

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51
Q

Discuss formation of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C7 continues as the middle trunk

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52
Q

Discuss formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus

A

Formed by union of the lower two (C8-T1) roots

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53
Q

Discuss formation of the divisions of the brachial plexus

A
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54
Q

What is the location of formation of divisions of brachial plexus?

A

Behind middle 1/3rd of the clavicle

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55
Q

What is the role of the anterior(ventral) cord in the formation of the divisions of brachial plexus?

A

It innervates the entire flexor compartment of U/L

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56
Q

Discuss formation of the cords of brachial plexus

A
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57
Q

Discuss formation of the lateral cord of the brachial

A

Formed by the union of the anterior (ventral) divisions of the upper and middle trunks

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58
Q

Discuss formation of the medial cord of the brachial
plexus

A

Continuation of the anterior (ventral) division of the lower trunk (C8-T1)

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59
Q

Discuss formation of the posterior cord of the brachial

A

Formed by the union of the posterior(dorsal)divisions of all 3 trunks (upper,middle and lower trunks)

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60
Q

What is the feature of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Has no contribution from anterior(ventral)division

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61
Q

Discuss formation of branches of brachial plexus

A

The cord give rise to major branches of the brachial plexus

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62
Q

Discuss formation of the prefixed plexus of the brachial plexus

A
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63
Q

Define prefixed plexus of brachial plexus

A

When a branch from C4-C5 contributes to the innervation of the glenohumeral and elbow flexor muscles

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64
Q

What is the feature of prefixed plexus of the brachial plexus?

A

Has no significant contribution from T1

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65
Q

Discuss formation of the post fixed plexus of brachial plexus

A

When muscular contribution from T2 to the brachial plexus occurs without a significant contribution from C5

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66
Q

What is the feature of postfixed plexus of brachial plexus?

A

Has no significant contribution from C5

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67
Q

What are the landmarks of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity) and what are their functions?

A
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68
Q

What are the landmarks of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A
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69
Q

What is the function of the infraglenoid tubercle of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A

For the attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

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70
Q

What is the function of the supraglenoid tubercle of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A

For the attachment of the long head of biceps muscle

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71
Q

Discuss borders of the scapula

A
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72
Q

Discuss landmarks of the superior(upper) border?

A
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73
Q

What’s is the location of the landmarks of the superior(upper)scapular border?

A

On the lateral end of the superior(upper)scapular border

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74
Q

Discuss the coracoid process

A
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75
Q

What is the location of the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

(1)Projects anterolaterally
(2)Positioned directly inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle

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76
Q

What is the relation of the coracoid process to the clavicle?

A

Positioned directly inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle

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77
Q

What is the shape of the coracoid process?

A

Hook-like structure

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78
Q

Discuss Suprascapular notch

A

-Location:Immediately medial to the root of the coracoid process
-Size:Small

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79
Q

What is the location of the Suprascapular notch?

A

Immediately medial to the root of coracoid process

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80
Q

What is the size of the Suprascapular notch?

A

Small

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81
Q

Discuss surfaces of the scapula

A
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82
Q

Discuss the posterior(dorsal)surface of the scapula

A
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83
Q

What is the other name of the suprascapular fossa?

A

Supraspinous fossa

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84
Q

What is the size of the suprascapular(supraspinous) fossa?

A

Small

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85
Q

What is the function of the suprascapular(supraspinous)fossa?

A

Attachment of the supraspinatus muscle

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86
Q

What is the size of the infrascapular(infraspinous)fossa?

A

Much larger

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87
Q

What is the function of the infrascapular(infraspinous)fossa?

A

Attachment of the infraspinatous muscle

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88
Q

What is the other name of the anterior surface of the scapula?

A

(1)Ventral scapular surface or ventral surface of scapula
(2)Costal scapular surface or costal surface of scapula

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89
Q

Discuss the anterior surface of the scapula

A
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90
Q

What is the shape of the subscapular fossa?

A

Shallow+concave

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91
Q

What is the function of the subscapular fossa?

A

Attachment of the subscapularis muscle moving freely over the underlying thoracic wall

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92
Q

Discuss processes of scapula

A
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93
Q

what are the landmarks of the lateral scapular angle(glenoid cavity)?

A

MNEMONIC; ITS B or BITS
(1) Infraglenoid tubercle- for attachment of the long head of Triceps brachii muscle
(2) Supraglenoid tubercle- for attachment of the long head of Biceps brachii muscle

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94
Q

What muscle attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Long head of triceps brachii muscle

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95
Q

What muscle attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula?

A

Long head of biceps brachii muscle

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96
Q

Write short notes on borders of the scapula

A
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97
Q

Write short notes on the superior (upper) border of the scapula

A
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98
Q

What is the location of the coracoid process of the scapula?

A

(1) Projects anterolaterally
(2) Positioned directly inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle

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99
Q

What is the shape of the coracoid process?

A

Hook like structure

100
Q

What is the location of the suprascapular notch?

A

Immediately medial to the root of the coracoid process

101
Q

What is the function of the suprascapular notch?

A

The site of entry of the suprascapular nerve into the supraspinatus fossa

N.B; for reading only
This notch is converted into a foramen by the suprascapular ligament, and serves for the passage of the suprascapular nerve.The suprascapular vessels vary in number as well as in their course as they run at the suprascapular notch site. The suprascapular artery pass above the suprascapular ligament in most cases. The suprascapular vein may pass through the suprascapular notch or it may instead pass superior to the suprascapular ligament.)

102
Q

What is the size of suprascapular notch?

103
Q

Write short notes on the surfaces of the scapula

104
Q

What is the landmark of the posterior (dorsal) surface the scapula?

105
Q

What is the other name of the suprascapular fossa?

A

Supraspinous fossa

106
Q

What is the size of the suprascapular fossa?

107
Q

What is the function of the suprascapular fossa?

A

Attachment of the supraspinatus muscle

108
Q

What is the other name of the infrascapular fossa?

A

Infraspinous fossa

109
Q

What is the size of the infrascapular fossa?

A

Much larger

110
Q

What is the function of the infrascapular fossa?

A

Attachment of the infraspinatous muscle

111
Q

What is the landmark of the anterior (ventral or costal) surface of the scapula?

112
Q

What is the shape of the subscapular fossa?

A

Shallow + concave

113
Q

What is the function of the subscapular fossa?

A

Attachment of the subscapularis muscle moving freely over the underlying thoracic wall

114
Q

Write short notes on the processes of the scapula

115
Q

What is the location of the acromion?

A

(1) Anterolateral projection of the spine
(2) Arches over the glenohumeral joint

116
Q

What is the main feature of the acromion?

117
Q

Write short notes on the fossae of the scapula?

118
Q

What is the location of the subclavian artery?

A

Subclavian area(i.e.,under the clavicle)

119
Q

What is the origin of the subclavian artery?

A

Rt—Brachiocephalic (Innominate) trunk or artery when it divides into subclavian and common carotid arteries
Lt—Arch of the aorta as a direct branch

120
Q

What is the origin of the Rt subclavian artery?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk or artery when it divides into Subclavian and common carotid arteries

121
Q

What is the origin of the Lt subclavian artery?

A

Arch of the aorta as a direct branch

122
Q

What is the course of the subclavian artery?

A

(1) The subclavian artery runs an arched course
. In the root of the neck
. In front of the apex of the lung
(2) The subclavian artery travels superolaterally towards the axilla
(3) The subclavian artery passes between the scalene anterior and medius muscles
. Deep or posterior to scalenus anterior
. Superficial or anterior to scalenus medius
(4) As The subclavian artery crosses the outer (lateral) border of the 1st rib it is renamed the axillary artery
(5) At this point it is superficial and within the subclavian triangle

123
Q

What is the relation between the subclavian artery and the axilla?

A

(1) The subclavian artery travels superolaterally towards the axilla
(2) As The subclavian artery crosses the outer (lateral) border of the 1st rib it is renamed the axillary artery
(3) At this point it is superficial and within the subclavian triangle

124
Q

What is the direction or shape of the the course of the subclavian artery?

A

The subclavian artery runs an arched course
. In the root of the neck
. In front of the apex of the lung

125
Q

What are the muscles related to the subclavian artery?

A

The subclavian artery passes between the scalene anterior and medius muscles
. Deep or posterior to scalenus anterior
. Superficial or anterior to scalenus medius

126
Q

What is the relation between the subclavian artery and the scalenus anterior and medius muscles?

A

The subclavian artery passes between the scalene anterior and medius muscles
. Deep or posterior to scalenus anterior
. Superficial or anterior to scalenus medius

127
Q

What is the relation of between the subclavian artery and scalenus anterior muscle?

A

The subclavian artery is deep or posterior to scalenus anterior muscle

128
Q

What is the relation between the subclavian artery and the scalenus medius muscle?

A

The subclavian artery is superficial or anterior to the scalenus medius muscle

129
Q

What is the relation between the subclavian artery and the 1st rib?

A

. The upper surface of the 1st rib is posterior to the
subclavian artery
. As the subclavian artery crosses the outer (lateral)
border of the 1st rib it enters the axilla is renamed
the axillary artery

130
Q

What is the relation between the subclavian artery and the subclavian triangle?

A

(1) As The subclavian artery crosses the outer (lateral) border of the 1st rib
it enters the axilla is renamed the axillary artery
(2) At this point it is superficial and within the subclavian triangle

131
Q

What is the effect of scalenus anterior muscle on the subclavian artery?

A

Scalenus anterior muscle divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts based on the position of the subclavian artery to the muscle:-
(1) 1st part (prescalene) — medial to scalenus anterior = from the origin to the medial border of the muscle
(2) 2nd part (retroscalene) — behind or posterior to scalenus anterior
(3) 3rd part (postscalene) — lateral to scalenus anterior = from the lateral border of the muscle to the outer border of the 1st rib

                                                         where it enters the axilla and is renamed the axillary artery
132
Q

What is the other name of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

Prescalene

133
Q

What is the location of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

prescalene — medial to scalenus anterior = from the origin to the medial border of the muscle

134
Q

What is the other name of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Retroscalene or Costocervical part

135
Q

What is the location of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

retroscalene — behind or posterior to scalenus anterior

136
Q

What is the other name of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Postscalene

137
Q

What is the location of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

postscalene — lateral to scalenus anterior = from the lateral border of the
muscle to the outer (lateral) border of the 1st rib where it enters the axilla and is renamed the axillary artery

138
Q

What is the location where the subclavian artery ends and what happens to it at this point?

A

(1) At the outer(lateral) border of the 1st rib the subclavian artery
enters the axilla and is renamed the axillary artery
(2) At this point, it is superficial and within the subclavian triangle

139
Q

At what anatomical point the subclavian artery is converted into axillary artery?

A

At the outer (lateral) border of the 1st rib

140
Q

What are the branches of the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

A

Mnemonic; VIT C & D

1st part — 1st branch = Vertebral artery
2nd branch = Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
3rd branch = Thyrocervical trunk (mnemonic; IS/T or ITS or SIT)
. Inferior thyroid artery
. Suprascapular artery
. Transverse cervical artery
2nd part — Costocervical trunk (mnemonic; SD اختصار السودان بالانجليزي )
. Superior intercostal artery
— which gives the upper 2 intercostal arteries
— the rest of the intercostal arteries arise from
the aorta
. Deep cervical artery
3rd part — No branches but rarely gives the dorsal (descending) scapular (Almatary; cervical ) artery

141
Q

What are the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

A

1st branch = Vertebral artery
2nd branch = Internal thoracic (mammary) artery
3rd branch = Thyrocervical trunk (mnemonic; IS/T or ITS or SIT)
. Inferior thyroid artery
. Suprascapular artery
. Transverse cervical artery

142
Q

What are the branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk (mnemonic; SD اختصار السودان بالانجليزي )
. Superior intercostal artery
— which gives the upper 2 intercostal arteries
— the rest of the intercostal arteries arise from the aorta
. Deep cervical artery

143
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

A

No branches but rarely gives the dorsal (descending) scapular (Almatary; cervical ) artery

144
Q

What is the 1st branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Vertebral artery

145
Q

What is the 2nd branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Internal thoracic (mammary) artery

146
Q

What is the 3rd branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Thyrocervical trunk (mnemonic; IS/T or ITS or SIT)
(1) Inferior thyroid artery
(2) Suprascapular artery
(3) Transverse cervical artery

147
Q

What is the 4th branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk (mnemonic; SD اختصار السودان بالانجليزي )
(1) Superior intercostal artery
— which gives the upper 2 intercostal arteries
— the rest of the intercostal arteries arise from the aorta
(2) Deep cervical artery

148
Q

What is the 5th branch of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal (descending) scapular (Almatary; cervical) artery :—
It is rarely given by the 3rd part of the subclavian artery which usually has no branches

149
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the subclavian artery?

A

A line arching upward from the Sternoclavicular joint to 2 cm above the middle of the clavicle

150
Q

What are the relations of the subclavian artery?

151
Q

What are the relations of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

152
Q

What are the relations of the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

153
Q

What are the relations of the 2nd part of subclavian artery?

154
Q

What are the relations of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?

155
Q

What is the surgical significance of the subclavian artery?

156
Q

How to surgically expose the subclavian artery?

157
Q

Discuss dysphagia lusoria

158
Q

Discuss cervical rib

159
Q

What is the effect of the subclavian artery obstruction ?

160
Q

What is the effect of the cervical rib on the subclavian artery?

161
Q

Discuss subclavian steal syndrome

162
Q

What is the origin of axillary nerve?

A

Terminal branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus

163
Q

What is the root value of the axillary nerve?

A

Ventral rami of C5-C6

164
Q

Discuss course of the axillary nerve

165
Q

Discuss course of the axillary nerve in the axilla

166
Q

Discuss course of the axillary nerve in the quadrangular space

167
Q

Discuss course of the axillary nerve at the surgical humeral neck

168
Q

Discuss branches of the axillary nerve

169
Q

What is the course of anterior terminal branch of axillary nerve?

170
Q

What vessels accompany the anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral vessels

171
Q

What is the terminal branch of anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Cutaneous branch to the anterior and anterolateral shoulder

172
Q

What is the function of the anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

173
Q

What is the motor function of the anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Innervates anterior aspect of lower 1/2 deltoid muscle

174
Q

What is the sensory function of the anterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Cutaneous branches to the anterior and anterolateral shoulder

175
Q

What is the terminal branch of posterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm

176
Q

What is the function of posterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

177
Q

What is the function of the articular branch of posterior terminal branch of the axillary nerve?

A

Supplies the glenohumeral joint

178
Q

Set a table comparing between the different branches of the axillary nerve

179
Q

What is the function of the axillary nerve in general?

180
Q

Discuss axillary nerve injury

181
Q

What is the relation of the axillary nerve to the 3rd part of the axillary artery and the subscapularis muscle

182
Q

What is the relation of the axillary nerve to the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A

The nerve is located posterior to the 3rd part of the axillary artery

183
Q

What is the relation of the axillary nerve to the subscapularis muscle?

A

+ The nerve is located anterior to the subscapularis muscle
+ It exits the axilla at the inferior border of the subscapularis via the
quadrangular space

184
Q

What are the relations of the axillary nerve?

A

Anteriorly— 3rd part of the axillary artery
Posteriorly—- Subscapularis muscle
Superiorly—-Shoulder joint capsule

185
Q

What is the origin of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Large terminal branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5-C7)

186
Q

What is the root value of the musculocutaneous nerve?

187
Q

Discuss course of the musculocutaneous nerve

188
Q

Discuss course of the musculocutaneous nerve in the axilla

189
Q

Discuss course of the musculocutaneous nerve in the arm

190
Q

Discuss course of the musculocutaneous nerve at the crease of the elbow

191
Q

Discuss course of the musculocutaneous nerve in the forearm

192
Q

What is the relation of the musculocutaneous nerve to the teres minor muscle?

193
Q

What is the relation of the musculocutaneous nerve to the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

194
Q

What is the relation of the musculocutaneous nerve to the coracobrachialis muscle?

195
Q

Where is exactly the point at which the musculocutaneous nerve pierces the coracobrachialis muscle?

A

Near the point the point of Insertion of coracobrachialis muscle on the humerus

196
Q

What is the relation of the musculocutaneous nerve to the biceps brachii and brachialis muscle in the arm?

197
Q

What is the relation of the musculocutaneous nerve to the biceps brachii and brachioradialis muscles in the forearm?

198
Q

What are the branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to?

199
Q

What are the functions of the musculocutaneous nerve?

200
Q

What is the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

201
Q

What is the sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

202
Q

What is the effect of musculocutaneous nerve injury?

203
Q

What is the reason behind nomenclature of the median nerve by this term ( median nerve)?

A

The median nerve is so called because it runs in the median plane(middle line) of the forearm

204
Q

What is the origin of the median nerve?

205
Q

What is the relation of the median root of the median nerve to the axillary artery?

A

It passes anterior to the 3rd part of the axillary artery

206
Q

What is the origin of the lateral root of the median nerve?

A

Lateral cord of the brachial plexus (C5-C6)

207
Q

What is the root value of the lateral root of the median nerve?

208
Q

What is the origin of the medial root of the median nerve?

A

Medial cord of the brachial plexus (C8-T1)

209
Q

What is the root value of the medial root of the median nerve?

210
Q

Discuss course of the median nerve?

211
Q

Video of median nerve

A

https://youtu.be/NWlEsujURL0?si=B5B8Akj4gHLbZ8tn

212
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to the axillary artery ?

A

The median nerve forms in the axilla by union of the medial and lateral roots of their corresponding cords in front of the 3rd part of axillary artery and then it courses lateral to the axillary artery
SO THE MEDIAN NERVE LIES 1ST ANTERIOR ANTERIOR AND THEN LATERAL TO THE AXILLARY ARTERY

213
Q

What is the course of the median nerve in the axilla?

A

The median nerve lies 1st anterior and then lateral to the axillary artery

214
Q

Discuss course of the median nerve in the arm

215
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to the brachial artery?

216
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to the biceps brachii?

A

(1)In the lower 1/2 of the arm it descends on the medial aspect of the brachial artery and biceps brachii
(2)In the elbow(cubital fossa) it passes deep to the bicipital aponeurosis and median cubital vein

217
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to the brachialis?

A

+In the lower 1/2 of the arm it descends anterior to the brachialis,triceps and elbow joint to enter the forearm
+In the elbow (cubital fossa) it passes anterior to the insertion of brachialis

218
Q

What are the vessels that are closely related to the median nerve during its course?

A

(1) Median cubital vein
In the elbow (Cubital fossa)the median nerve passes deep to the median cubital vein
(2)Ulnar artery
The median nerve leaves the cubital fossa between the two heads of pronator teres muscle crossing superficial to the ulnar artery from medial to lateral side and giving its anterior interosseous branch below this

219
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to the ulnar artery?

A

The median nerve leaves the cubital fossa between the two heads of pronator teres muscle crossing superficial to the ulnar artery from medial to lateral and giving its anterior interosseous branch below this

220
Q

Discuss course of the median nerve in the forearm

221
Q

What is the relation of the median nerve to flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus in the forearm?

222
Q

Discuss the course of median nerve in the wrist

223
Q

Discuss the course of median nerve in the palm of the hand

224
Q

Discuss termination of the median nerve

225
Q

Discuss branches of the median nerve

226
Q

What are the branches of the median nerve in the axilla and upper arm?

A

No branches,although the nerve commonly communicates with the musculocutaneous nerve

227
Q

Discuss the motor branches of the median nerve?

228
Q

What are the motor branches of the median nerve in arm?

A

Muscular branch to pronator teres muscle

229
Q

What are the motor branches of the median nerve in cubital fossa?

A

Muscular branches to
(1)Flexor carpi radialis
(2)Palmaris longus
(3)Flexor digitorum superficialis

230
Q

What are the motor branches of the median nerve in forearm?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve (2 and 1/2 muscles)
(1)Pronator quadratus
(2)Flexor pollicis longus
(3)Lateral 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

231
Q

What are the motor branches of the median nerve in the palm?

232
Q

What are the muscles which supplied by the recurrent muscular branch of the median nerve?

233
Q

What is the part of the palm of the hand that is supplied by the lateral terminal branch of the median nerve?

234
Q

What is the part of the palm of the hand that is supplied by the medial terminal branch of the median nerve?

235
Q

Discuss sensory supply of the median nerve?

236
Q

Which sensory branch of the median nerve is spared in carpal tunnel syndrome and why?

A

Palmar cutaneous branch for the following reasons

237
Q

Which part of the hand is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve?

A

Lateral 2/3rd of the palm of the hand(but not the digits)

238
Q

How many branches of the median nerve in the palm of the hand?

A

5 palmar digital cutaneous branches

239
Q

Which part of the hand is supplied by the palmar digital cutaneous branches of the median nerve?

240
Q

Discuss functions of the median nerve?

241
Q

Discuss motor functions of the median nerve?

242
Q

Discuss sensory functions of the median nerve?

243
Q

Discuss median nerve injury

244
Q

Discuss median nerve injury at or above the elbow

245
Q

Discuss median nerve injury below and at or above the wrist

Anatomy For The MRCS Part A (15 decks)

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