Hisham Lower Limb Anatomy Flashcards
What three bones form each pelvic bone?
(1) ilium — Superior
(2) ischium — anteroinferior
(3) pubis — posteroinferior
These bones fuse during childhood.
Where does the ilium articulate?
with the sacrum.
How is the pelvic bone anchored to the vertebral column?
anchored to the end of the vertebral column by the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments.
What does the ischial tuberosity provide?
provides attachment for many of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh.
What is associated with the ischiopubic ramus and body of the pubis?
associated mainly with muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh.
What is the iliac crest?
The top of the ilium is the iliac crest, which ends anteriorly as the anterior superior iliac spine and posteriorly as the posterior superior iliac spine.
What is the tuberculum of the iliac crest (iliac tubercle)?
a prominent lateral expansion of the iliac crest just posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine.
Where is the anterior inferior iliac spine located?
on the anterior margin of the ilium.
What is the iliopubic eminence?
a raised area of ilium where the ilium fuses with the pubis.
Where does the gluteal surface of the ilium face?
posterolaterally.
What are the three curved lines on the gluteal surface?
The three curved lines are the inferior, anterior, and posterior gluteal lines.
What muscle attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine?
rectus femoris muscle .
What are the landmarks of the gluteal surface of the ilium?
It is marked by 3 curved lines ( inferior,anterior,and posterior gluteal lines),which divide the gluteal surface into 4 regions;
(1) Inferior gluteal line— rectus femoris muscle attachment
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
- roughened patch of bone between the superior
margin of the acetabulum and the inferior gluteal
line
(2) Anterior gluteal line — gluteus minimus Attachment
Originates from between inferior and anterior
gluteal lines
(3) Posterior gluteal line— gluteus mideus attachment
Originates from between anterior and posterior
gluteal lines
— gluteus maximus attachment
Originates posterior to the posterior gluteal line
Where do the 3 gluteus muscles attach?
The gluteus minimus muscle originates from between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
The gluteus medius muscle attaches to bone between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
The gluteus maximus muscle attaches posterior to the posterior gluteal line.
What is the ischial tuberosity associated with?
It is associated mainly with the hamstring muscles of the posterior thigh.
How is the ischial tuberosity divided?
It is divided into upper and lower areas by a transverse line.
The upper area is further subdivided into lateral and medial parts by an oblique line.
What is the orientation of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity?
The upper area is oriented vertically and is further subdivided into two parts (lateral and medial) by an oblique line.
What attaches to the medial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity?
The combined origin of the semitendinosus muscle and the long head of the biceps femoris muscle.
What attaches to the lateral part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity?
The semimembranosus muscle.
What provides attachment in the lateral region of the ischial tuberosity?
Part of the adductor magnus muscle.
What supports body weight when sitting?
The medial part of the ischial tuberosity, which faces inferiorly and is covered by connective tissue and a bursa.
Where is the sacrotuberous ligament attached?
To a sharp ridge on the medial margin of the ischial tuberosity.
What is the femur?
(1) bone of the thigh and
(2) the longest bone in the body.
What characterizes the proximal end of the femur?
It has a head and neck, and two large projections (the greater and lesser trochanters) on the upper part of the shaft.
What is the shape of the head of the femur?
spherical and articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.
What is the fovea?
A non-articular pit on the medial surface of the femur’s head for the attachment of the ligament of the head (ligamentum teres).
What is the orientation of the neck of the femur?
It projects superomedially from the shaft at an angle of approximately 125° and projects slightly forward.
What is the function of the orientation of the neck of the femur?
It increases the range of movement (ROM) of the hip joint.
What are the greater and lesser trochanters?
They are attachment sites for muscles that move the hip joint.
Where does the greater trochanter extend from?
(1) It extends superiorly from the shaft
of the femur
(2) just lateral to the region where the
shaft joins the neck of the femur.
What is found on the medial surface of the greater trochanter?
It is deeply grooved to form the trochanteric fossa.
What is the attachment site for the obturator externus muscle?
A distinct oval depression on the lateral wall of the trochanteric fossa.
What attaches to the anterolateral surface of the greater trochanter?
The gluteus minimus.
What attaches to the lateral surface of the greater trochanter?
The gluteus medius.
What muscles are attached to the greater trochanter of the femur?
Mnemonic; P-GOGO
(1) Piriformis,
(2) Gemillus superior and inferior,
(3) Obturator internus,
(4) Gluteus medius and minimus.
