SIMPLIFIED MRCS ANATOMY-ABDOMEN AND PELVIS Flashcards
1
Q
Enumerate layers of anterior abdominal wall (laterally)
A
2
Q
Discuss attachment of external oblique muscle
A
+Origin—— costal
+Insertion—- lumbar , ilioinguinal , linea alba
+Innervation—- lower 6 thoracic and 1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres—- downward,forward and medially
3
Q
Discuss internal oblique muscle
A
+Origin——lumbar fascia,ilioinguinal(iliac crest and inguinal ligament)
+Insertion—— costal(lower part makes conjoint tendon),linea alba
+Innervation—- lower 6 thoracic+ 1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres—— upward,forward and medially
4
Q
Discuss transversus abdominis muscle
A
+Origin—— costal,lumbar,ilioinguinal
+Insertion—-Linear alba
+Innervation—-lower 6 thoracic+1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres —- Transverse
5
Q
Discuss quadratus lumborum
A
+Origin—- lumbar fascia,iliac crest
+Insertion—-12th rib
+Innervation—— T12,L1-L3
+Action—- (1)Unilateral (alone): laterally flex the vertebral column
(2)Bilateral (together): depression of thoracic cage
6
Q
Discuss rectus abdominis muscle
A
+Origin—- (1) At the level of arcuate line
Midway between umbilicus and symphysis pubis
(2) Above arcuate line
+Anterior—External oblique + Anterior lamina of internal oblique
+Posterior—Posterior lamina of internal oblique +Transversus abdominis muscle
+Insertion— Below arcuate line
+Anterior—All muscles
+Posterior—- Transversalis fascia
+Innervation— (1) lower 6 intercostal
(2) Nerve from lateral side
7
Q
Discuss linea alba
A
+Definition—- bloodless midline
+Features— (1)Superiorly— wide
(2)Inferiorly—- narrow
(3)Bloodless
8
Q
Define linea alba
A
Bloodless midline
9
Q
What are the features of linea alba?
A
(1)Superiorly—- wide
(2)Inferiorly—-narrow
(3)Bloodless
10
Q
What are the dimensions of linea alba?
A
(1)Superiorly—- wide
(2)Inferiorly—- narrow
11
Q
Define linea semilunaris
A
Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle
12
Q
What is the blood supply of rectus abdominis muscle?
A
Superior and inferior epigastric arteries posterior to it
13
Q
What is the location of superior and inferior epigastric arteries in the anterior abdominal?
A
Posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle
14
Q
What is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?
A
Superior and inferior epigastric arteries behind rectus abdominis muscle
15
Q
What is the clinical significance of linea alba?
A
Midline incision through linea alba during exploration
16
Q
What is the clinical significance of rectus abdominis muscle?
A
(1)During Pfannenstiel incision the muscle divided is the rectus abdominis
(2)Posteriorly,below arcuate line
+no posterior rectus sheath
+there is only Transversalis fascia behind the muscle
17
Q
What is the clinical significance of linea semilunaris?
A
Spigelian hernia— (1)at the level of arcuate line
(2)at lateral border of rectus muscle (i.e., linea semilunaris
18
Q
What is the location of spigelian hernia?
A
(1)at level of arcuate line
(2)At lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle(i.e., linea semilunaris)
19
Q
What is the location of linea semilunaris?
A
At lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle
20
Q
What is the origin of cremasteric fascia?
A
Internal oblique muscle
21
Q
What is the origin of conjoint tendon?
A
Internal oblique muscle
22
Q
What is the length of inguinal canal?
A
4cm
23
Q
What is the location of superficial inguinal ring?
A
(1)At external oblique muscle
(2)Above pubic tubercle
24
Q
What is the location of deep inguinal ring?
A
(1)At fascia transversalis
(2)1/2 inch above midpoint of inguinal ligament
(3)lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (site of indirect hernia)
25
What is the direction of inguinal canal?
Downward ,forward ,medially
26
Discuss boundaries of inguinal canal
Mnemonic = APSI-AT ML ( 2A+ 2T+ 2M+ 2L)
+Anterior wall (2A)— (1)External oblique (A)poneurosis—you should open it during hernia repair
(2)Internal oblique (A)poneurosis+Transversus abdominis(both laterally)
+Posterior wall (2T)—(1)(T)ransversalis fascia—you put mesh on it during hernia repair
(2)Conjoint (T)endon(medially+from internal oblique muscle)
+Superiorly (roof)(2M)— arched fibres of
(1)Internal oblique (m)uscle
(2)Transversus abdominis (m)uscle
+Inferiorly(floor)(2L)— (1)Inguinal (L)igament (the lower end of external oblique muscle)
(2)(L)acunar ligament
27
Discuss contents of inguinal canal
Mnemonic;S/3V/3Nerves
(1)Spermatic cord-the most important content
(2)Vas deferns
(3)Vessels(artery of vas,testicular artery,cremasteric artery)
(4)Vestige of processes vaginalis(processes vaginalis derived from peritoneum)
(5)Genital branch of Genito femoral nerve
(6)Ilioinguinal nerve
(7)Sympathetic nerves
28
What is the most important content of inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord
29
Discuss covering of inguinal canal
Mnemonic; ICE/TIE or ICE/FIE
(1)Exteranl spermatic fascia—Extarnal oblique muscle
(2)Cremasteric fascia—-Internal oblique muscle
(3)Internal spermatic fascia—-Transversalis fascia
30
What is the origin of external spermatic fascia?
External oblique muscle
31
What is the origin of internal spermatic fascia?
Transversalis fascia
32
Discuss indirect inguinal hernia
+Aetiology
In children (indirect mainly) —- patent or persistent processes vaginalis
+Site of defect
Deep inguinal ring
+Direction of descent
Downward,forward and medially
+Course—through the following
(1)deep ring
(2)inguinal canal
(3)Superficial ring
(4)Scrotum—presented as a groin swelling
33
What is the cause of indirect inguinal hernia?
In children (indirect mainly) —- patent or persistent processes vaginalis
34
What is most common inguinal hernia in children?
Indirect inguinal hernia
35
What is the cause of indirect inguinal hernia in children?
Patent or persistent processes vaginalis
36
What is the site of defect in indirect inguinal hernia?
Deep inguinal ring
37
What is the direction of descent of indirect inguinal hernia?
Downward,forward and medially
38
Discuss course of indirect inguinal hernia
through the following
(1)deep ring
(2)inguinal canal
(3)Superficial ring
(4)Scrotum—presented as a groin swelling
39
Which inguinal hernia passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?
Indirect inguinal hernia
40
What are the boundaries of Hessel Bach triangle?
+Laterally—inferior epigastric vessels
+Medially—Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle
+Inferiorly—Inguinal ligament
41
What is the clinical significance of Hassel Bach triangle?
Site of direct inguinal hernia
42
What is the site of direct inguinal hernia?
(1)Through Hassel Bach triangle
(2)Medial to inferior epigastric vessels
43
Which inguinal hernia passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels?
Direct inguinal hernia
44
Define direct inguinal hernia
(1)Through Hassel Bach triangle
(2)Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
45
Define hydrocele
Collection of fluids in tunica vaginalis
46
What is the nerve root of the ilioinguinal nerve?
L1
47
What is the course of the ilioinguinal nerve?
(1)Emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle just inferior to the iliohypogastric nerve
(2)Perforates the transversus abdominis muscle near the anterior part of the iliac crest
(3)Passes between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles
(4)Pierces the Inguinal canal to pass through it anterior to spermatic cord but not enter from beginning
(5)Leave the abdominal wall through superficial Inguinal ring
48
What is the function of the ilioinguinal nerve?
+Motor
No motor function in the lower limb but innervates muscle of the abdominal wall
+Sensory
(1)Skin over anteromedial part of the upper thigh and
(2)Adjacent skin of perineum
(3)Anterior scrotum and labia
49
What causes ilioinguinal nerve injury?
Entrapped during Inguinal hernia repair causing severe postoperative pain
50
What is the manifestations of ilioinguinal nerve injury?
Severe postoperative pain
51
What is the motor function of the ilioinguinal nerve?
No motor function in the lower limb but innervates muscle of the abdominal wall
52
What is the sensory function of the ilioinguinal nerve?
(1)Skin over anteromedial part of the upper thigh and
(2)Adjacent skin of perineum
(3)Anterior scrotum and labia
53
What is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve?
L1-L2
54
What is the course of the genitofemoral nerve?
(1)Passes obliquely and anteroinferiorly through psoas major muscle on the posterior abdominal wall
(2)Emerges from the medial border of psoas major opposite the fibrocartilage between L3-L4 vertebrae
(3)It then descends on the anterior surface of psoas major,undercover of the peritoneum
55
What is the function of the genitofemoral nerve?
+Motor
No motor function in lower limb, but genital branch innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of the spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
+Sensory
-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
56
What are the components of the genitofemoral nerve?
-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
57
What are locations and functions of the components of the genitofemoral nerve?
-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
58
What are the locations of the genital branch of the genitofemoral femoral nerve?
+Location—Genital branch(inguinal canal)
+Function
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
59
What are the functions of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
+Location—inguinal canal
+Function
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
60
What are locations and functions of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
+Function
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
61
What are the locations of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery
+Function—Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
62
What are the functions of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?
+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
+Function—Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
63
What are the motor functions of the genitofemoral nerve?
No motor function in lower limb, but genital branch innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of the spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
64
What are the sensory functions of the genitofemoral nerve?
-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes (2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh
65
What nerve is responsible for cremasteric reflex?
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
66
Which branch of the genitofemoral nerve is responsible for cremasteric reflex?
Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
67
Discuss blood supply to the testis
68
What is the arterial supply to the testis?
From aorta
69
What is the venous drainage of the testis?
70
What is the site of drainage of the right testicular vein?
IVC
71
What is the site of drainage of the left testicular vein?
Left renal vein
72
What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?
73
What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?
Inguinal L.N(medial transverse group)
74
Which group of inguinal lymph nodes is the site lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?
Medial transverse group
75
Discuss cutaneous Innervation of scrotum?
76
Which nerve supply the anterior scrotum?
Ilioinguinal nerve
77
Which nerve supply the posterior scrotum?
Pudendal nerve
78
Which nerve supply small area of scrotum?
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
79
Enumerate the layers covering the testes?
80
What guides descend of the testes?
Gubernaculum
81
What is the course of undescended testes?
(1)Abdomen
(2)Deep inguinal ring
(3)Inguinal canal
(4)Superficial inguinal ring
(5)Upper scrotum
82
Enumerate sites of ectopic testes
(1)Abdomen
(2)Suprapubic
(3)Base of penis
(4)Superficial inguinal pouch
(5)Inguinal canal
(6)Suprascrotal regions
(7)Contralateral hemiscrotum
(8)Perineal region
(9)Femoral region
83
Discuss attachment of the diaphragm
+origin
(1)Sternal—Xiphoid
(2)Costal—Lower 6 costal cartilages
(3)Vertebral—by 2 crura and 3 arcuate ligaments
+Insertion
Central tendon
84
What is the nerve supply of the diaphragm?
(1)Central part—Phrenic nerve(sensory and motor)
(2)Peripheral part—Lower 6 Thoracic nerves
85
What is the origin of the diaphragm?
(1)Sternal—-Xiphoid
(2)Costal—Lower 6 costal cartilages
(3)Vertebral—by 2 crura and 3 arcuate ligaments
86
What is the insertion of the diaphragm?
Central tendon
87
What is the nerve supply of the central part of the diaphragm?
Phrenic (Sensory and motor)
88
What is the nerve supply of the peripheral part of the diaphragm?
Lower 6 Thoracic nerves
89
What are the opening in the diaphragm and enumerate the contents of each one?
Mnemonic;Voice Of Arab
(1)Caval opening (T8)–Vena cava+Phrenic nerve
(2)Oesophageal opening (T10)–Oesophagus+vagus nerve
(3)Aortic opening (T12)–Aorta+thoracic duct+azygous
90
What is the vertebral level of the caval opening in diaphragm?
T8
91
What is the vertebral level of the caval opening in diaphragm?
T8
92
What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening in diaphragm?
T10
93
What is the vertebral level of the aortic opening in diaphragm?
T10
94
What is the vertebral level of the aortic opening in the diaphragm?
T12
95
What are the contents of the caval opening?
Vena cava+phrenic nerve
96
What are the contents of the oesophageal opening?
Oesophagus+vagus nerve
97
What are the contents of the aortic opening?
Aorta+thoracic duct+azygous
98
Compare between the types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
99
What are the arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm?
(1)Median arcuate ligament
(2)Medial arcuate ligament
(3)Lateral arcuate ligament
100
Discuss blood supply to the stomach
101
Discuss arterial supply to the stomach
102
Discuss venous drainage of the stomach
103
What is the other name for gastroepiploic arteries
Gastro-omental arteries
104
What are the main branches of the coeliac trunk?
(1)Lt gastric artery
(2)Splenic artery
(3)Hepatic artery
105
What are the main branches of the splenic artery?
(1)Short gastric—-the fundus
(2)Lt gastroepiploic artery—anastomoses with the Rt gastroepiploic at the greater curvature of the stomach
106
What are the main branches of the hepatic artery proper?
(1)Rt gastric artery
anastomoses with the Lt gastric artery from the coeliac trunk on the lesser curvature of the stomach
(2)gastroduodenal artery
from the hepatic artery proper and terminates in a bifurcation when it splits into
+right gastroepiploic artery
+anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery).
107
What artery supply the pylorus of the stomach?
Gastrodudenal artery
108
What artery supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Anastomosis of the Rt and Lt gastric arteries
109
What artery supply the greater curvature of the stomach?
Anastomosis of the Rt and Lt gastroepiploic (gastrointestinal-omental)arteries
110
What artery supply the fundus of the stomach?
Short gastric arteries
111
Enumerate ligaments of the stomach
112
What are the ligaments that are part of the greater omentum?
113
What is the blood supply to the greater omentum?
Gastro-epiploic vessels
114
Discuss main causes upper GIT Bleeding
115
Which type of omentum is supplied by gastroepiploic vessels
Greater omentum
116
What is the site and source of bleeding from oesophageal varices?
+Site—between oesophageal veins and left gastric vein
+Source of bleeding—from left gastric vein
117
What is the location of bleeding from oesophageal varices?
Between oesophageal veins and left gastric vein
118
What is source of bleeding from oesophageal varices?
Left gastric vein
119
Which blood vessel causes bleeding from oesophageal varices?
Left gastric vein
120
What is the clinical significance of left gastric vein?
121
What is the site and source of bleeding from duodenal ulcer?
122
What is the site of bleeding from duodenal ulcer?
Gastroduodenal artery behind the 1st part of duodenum
123
From which artery is the bleeding from duodenal ulcer?
Gastroduodenal artery behind the 1st part of duodenum
124
What is the site and source of bleeding from gastric ulcer?
125
What is the site and source of bleeding from gastric ulcer between antrum and body of the stomach?
126
Discuss peritoneal cavity
127
Discuss greater omentum
128
What is the other name for the greater omentum?
Apron of the peritoneum
129
Discuss attachment of the greater omentum
130
What is the clinical significance of the greater omentum?
131
Which sac in the abdomen is related to greater omentum?
Is connected to the lesser sac
132
Discuss lesser omentum
133
Define lesser omentum
Double layer of peritoneum
134
What is the extension of the lesser omentum?
From the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver
135
What is the location of the lesser omentum?
In front of the coeliac trunk
136
What is the clinical significance of the lesser omentum?
137
Compare between the greater and lesser omentum
138
Discuss gastrophrenic ligament
+Source—portion of greater omentum
+Location—Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm
139
Define gastrophrenic ligament
+portion of greater omentum
+Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm
140
Discuss attachment of the gastrophrenic ligament
Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm
141
Discuss gastrosplenic ligament
Source—Left part of greater omentum
Attachment—extends from hilum of spleen to greater curvature of stomach
142
From which part of the peritoneum is the gastrosplenic ligament?
Greater omentum
143
What is the location of the gastrosplenic ligament?
Extends from the hilum of the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach
144
Discuss gastrocolic ligament
+portion of greater omentum
+extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
145
Discuss hepatogastric ligament
+portion of lesser omentum
+extends from liver to lesser curvature of the stomach
146
Discuss heptoduodenal ligament
+portion of lesser omentum
+extends from the liver to the 1st part of the duodenum
147
Discuss splenorenal ligament
Connects the spleen to the left kidney
148
Discuss hepatorenal ligament
Connects the liver to the right kidney
149
Discuss phrenicocolic ligament
Extends from the left colic flexture to the diaphragm
150
What are the ligaments that are part of the lesser omentum?
(1)Hepatogastric ligament
(2)Hepatoduodenal ligament
151
Enumerate ligaments in the abdomen that are stateless(i.e.,not part of the greater or lesser omentum)?
(1)Splenorenal ligament
(2)Phrenico-colic ligament
(3)Hepatorenal ligament
152
Discuss mesentries
+Definition
Double fold of peritoneum
+Function
(1)Suspending parts of bowel
(2)Conveying vessels,lymphatic,and nerves of bowel
+Examples
(1)Mesoappendix
(2)Transverse mesocolon
(3)Sigmoid mesocolon
153
Discuss boundaries of the lesser sac(Omental bursa)
+Anteriorly -
(1)quadrate lobe of liver,
(2)gastrocolic ligament,
(3)lesser omentum
+Left
(1)left kidney,
(2)left adrenal gland
+Posteriorly
pancreas
+Right
(1)epiploic foramen,
(2)lesser omentum,
(3)greater sac
154
Enumerate the most important structures in the anterior free border of the lesser sac?
(1)Hepatic artery
(2)Hepatic duct (Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein
155
What is the surgical significance of the anterior free border of the lesser sac?
Contains the most important structures for which Pringle manoeuvre to be done:
(1)Heptic artery
(2)Hepatic duct (Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein
156
What is the location of performing Pringle manoeuvre?
The anterior free border of the lesser sac in which these structures are contained
(1)Hepatic artery
(2)Hepatic duct(Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein
157
What is the other name for epiploic foramen.
Foramen of Winslow
158
Enumerate boundaries of epiploic foramen?
159
What are the measurements of the spleen?
160
Describe the peritoneal covering of the spleen
Completely covered by Peritoneum
161
Enumerate the ligaments of the spleen?
162
Enumerate contents of gastrosplenic ligament
(1)Short gastric arteries
(2)Lt gastroepiploic artery
163
Enumerate the contents of the leinorenal ligament
(1)Splenic vessels
(2)Tail of pancreas
164
What is the function of leinorenal ligament?
Attach the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall
165
What is the function of Phrenicocolic ligament?
Direct large spleen to umbilicus
166
Discuss blood supply of the spleen
167
What is location of the splenic artery to the pancreas?
Above pancreas
168
What is the anatomical significance of the splenic vein?
Join superior mesentric vein to form portal vein
169
What is the anatomical location of the splenic vein?
Behind pancreas
170
What are the components of portal vein?
Portal vein = splenic vein + SM vein
171
What is the incidence of accessory spleen?
10%
172
What is the size of accessory spleen?
1 cm
173
What are the possible locations of accessory spleen?
+4 organs
(1)wall of the stomach
(2)tail of the pancreas
(3)hilum of the spleen
(4)gonads—not ureter
+4 coverings
(1)gastrosplenic ligament
(2)leinorenal ligament
(3)mesentry
(4)greater omentum
+1 vessel
Along splenic vessels
174
What is the most commonly injured structure post splenectomy?
Tail of pancreas
175
What vessels should be divided or ligated during splenectomy?
Short gastric vessels
176
What is the most commonly injured structure on division of short gastric vessels?
Greater curvature of the stomach
177
Discuss structure of the spleen
+Origin
Mesenchyme
+Cells
(1)White pulp(20%)—lymphocyte
—Immune function
(2)Red pulp(80%)—platelets store
—remove aged and defective RBCs
178
Describe Pringles manoeuvre
179
Enumerate ligaments supporting the liver
Mnemonic;Full 2 ligaments CT luminous
(1)Falciform ligament: قدام
(2)Ligamentum teres: تحت
(3)Ligamentum venosum: فوق
(4)Coronary ligament: Rt and Lt
(5)Triangular ligament: Rt and Lt
For the last L in luminous ,it could also stands for Ligamentum venosum
180
Describe attachment of the falciform ligament
قدام(1)
(2)From the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall
So—-(1)Liver
(2)Diaphragm
(3)Anterior abdominal wall
181
Discuss Ligamentum teres
+Definition
Obliterated left umbilical vein
+Location
تحت(1)
(2)In the free margin of the falciform ligament
182
Define Ligamentum teres
Obliterated left umbilical vein
183
What is the location of the Ligamentum teres
تحت(1)
(2)In the free margin of the falciform ligament
184
Discuss coronary ligament
+Definition
Reflections of peritoneum
+Location
From the superior aspect of the liver to the diaphragm
185
Define coronary ligament
Reflections of peritoneum
186
What is the location of the coronary ligament?
From the superior aspect of the liver to the diaphragm
187
What is the location of the triangular ligament?
Rt and Lt to the diaphragm
188
What is the location of Ligamentum venosom?
فوق
189
Describe division of the liver by Surgical and anatomical lines
190
Describe anatomical and surgical liver lobes
191
Discuss anatomical liver lobes
192
Discuss surgical liver lobes
193
What is the size of the anatomical liver lobes?
+Large Rt lobe
+Small Lt lobe
194
What is the size of the surgical liver lobes?
Nearly equal
195
What divides lobes of the liver into anatomical lobes?
196
What divides lobes of the liver into surgical lobes?
197
Compare caudate lobe and quadrate lobe
198
What is the location of the caudate lobe?
199
What is the location of the quadrate lobe?
200
Discuss blood supply to the liver
201
which vessel mainly supplies the liver?
Portal vein(70%)
202
What is the accessory vessel which helps in blood supply of the liver?
Hepatic artery(30%)
203
What percentage of portal vein supplying blood to the liver?
70%
204
What percentage of hepatic artery supplying blood to the liver?
30%
205
What is the other name for porta hepatis?
Hilum of the liver
206
Describe porta hepatis
207
What is the location of porta hepatis
Between caudate and quadrate lobes
208
What are the contents of porta hepatis?
209
What is the location of portal vein in the porta hepatis?
Most posterior
210
What is the location of the the hepatic artery in the porta hepatis?
Middle
211
What is the location of the hepatic duct in the porta hepatis?
(1)Most anterior
(2)Lateral
212
What is the most posterior structure in porta hepatis?
Portal vein
213
What is the middle structure in porta hepatis?
Hepatic artery
214
What is the most anterior structure in porta hepatis?
Rt and Lt hepatic duct
