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Anatomy For The MRCS Part A > SIMPLIFIED MRCS ANATOMY-ABDOMEN AND PELVIS > Flashcards

SIMPLIFIED MRCS ANATOMY-ABDOMEN AND PELVIS Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate layers of anterior abdominal wall (laterally)

A
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2
Q

Discuss attachment of external oblique muscle

A

+Origin—— costal
+Insertion—- lumbar , ilioinguinal , linea alba
+Innervation—- lower 6 thoracic and 1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres—- downward,forward and medially

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3
Q

Discuss internal oblique muscle

A

+Origin——lumbar fascia,ilioinguinal(iliac crest and inguinal ligament)
+Insertion—— costal(lower part makes conjoint tendon),linea alba
+Innervation—- lower 6 thoracic+ 1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres—— upward,forward and medially

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4
Q

Discuss transversus abdominis muscle

A

+Origin—— costal,lumbar,ilioinguinal
+Insertion—-Linear alba
+Innervation—-lower 6 thoracic+1st lumbar(L1)
+Direction of fibres —- Transverse

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5
Q

Discuss quadratus lumborum

A

+Origin—- lumbar fascia,iliac crest
+Insertion—-12th rib
+Innervation—— T12,L1-L3
+Action—- (1)Unilateral (alone): laterally flex the vertebral column
(2)Bilateral (together): depression of thoracic cage

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6
Q

Discuss rectus abdominis muscle

A

+Origin—- (1) At the level of arcuate line
Midway between umbilicus and symphysis pubis
(2) Above arcuate line
+Anterior—External oblique + Anterior lamina of internal oblique
+Posterior—Posterior lamina of internal oblique +Transversus abdominis muscle
+Insertion— Below arcuate line
+Anterior—All muscles
+Posterior—- Transversalis fascia
+Innervation— (1) lower 6 intercostal
(2) Nerve from lateral side

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7
Q

Discuss linea alba

A

+Definition—- bloodless midline
+Features— (1)Superiorly— wide
(2)Inferiorly—- narrow
(3)Bloodless

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8
Q

Define linea alba

A

Bloodless midline

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9
Q

What are the features of linea alba?

A

(1)Superiorly—- wide
(2)Inferiorly—-narrow
(3)Bloodless

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10
Q

What are the dimensions of linea alba?

A

(1)Superiorly—- wide
(2)Inferiorly—- narrow

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11
Q

Define linea semilunaris

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle

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12
Q

What is the blood supply of rectus abdominis muscle?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries posterior to it

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13
Q

What is the location of superior and inferior epigastric arteries in the anterior abdominal?

A

Posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle

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14
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Superior and inferior epigastric arteries behind rectus abdominis muscle

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15
Q

What is the clinical significance of linea alba?

A

Midline incision through linea alba during exploration

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16
Q

What is the clinical significance of rectus abdominis muscle?

A

(1)During Pfannenstiel incision the muscle divided is the rectus abdominis
(2)Posteriorly,below arcuate line
+no posterior rectus sheath
+there is only Transversalis fascia behind the muscle

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17
Q

What is the clinical significance of linea semilunaris?

A

Spigelian hernia— (1)at the level of arcuate line
(2)at lateral border of rectus muscle (i.e., linea semilunaris

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18
Q

What is the location of spigelian hernia?

A

(1)at level of arcuate line
(2)At lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle(i.e., linea semilunaris)

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19
Q

What is the location of linea semilunaris?

A

At lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle

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20
Q

What is the origin of cremasteric fascia?

A

Internal oblique muscle

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21
Q

What is the origin of conjoint tendon?

A

Internal oblique muscle

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22
Q

What is the length of inguinal canal?

A

4cm

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23
Q

What is the location of superficial inguinal ring?

A

(1)At external oblique muscle
(2)Above pubic tubercle

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24
Q

What is the location of deep inguinal ring?

A

(1)At fascia transversalis
(2)1/2 inch above midpoint of inguinal ligament
(3)lateral to inferior epigastric vessels (site of indirect hernia)

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25
Q

What is the direction of inguinal canal?

A

Downward ,forward ,medially

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26
Q

Discuss boundaries of inguinal canal

A

Mnemonic = APSI-AT ML ( 2A+ 2T+ 2M+ 2L)
+Anterior wall (2A)— (1)External oblique (A)poneurosis—you should open it during hernia repair
(2)Internal oblique (A)poneurosis+Transversus abdominis(both laterally)
+Posterior wall (2T)—(1)(T)ransversalis fascia—you put mesh on it during hernia repair
(2)Conjoint (T)endon(medially+from internal oblique muscle)
+Superiorly (roof)(2M)— arched fibres of
(1)Internal oblique (m)uscle
(2)Transversus abdominis (m)uscle
+Inferiorly(floor)(2L)— (1)Inguinal (L)igament (the lower end of external oblique muscle)
(2)(L)acunar ligament

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27
Q

Discuss contents of inguinal canal

A

Mnemonic;S/3V/3Nerves
(1)Spermatic cord-the most important content
(2)Vas deferns
(3)Vessels(artery of vas,testicular artery,cremasteric artery)
(4)Vestige of processes vaginalis(processes vaginalis derived from peritoneum)
(5)Genital branch of Genito femoral nerve
(6)Ilioinguinal nerve
(7)Sympathetic nerves

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28
Q

What is the most important content of inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord

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29
Q

Discuss covering of inguinal canal

A

Mnemonic; ICE/TIE or ICE/FIE

(1)Exteranl spermatic fascia—Extarnal oblique muscle
(2)Cremasteric fascia—-Internal oblique muscle
(3)Internal spermatic fascia—-Transversalis fascia

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30
Q

What is the origin of external spermatic fascia?

A

External oblique muscle

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31
Q

What is the origin of internal spermatic fascia?

A

Transversalis fascia

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32
Q

Discuss indirect inguinal hernia

A

+Aetiology
In children (indirect mainly) —- patent or persistent processes vaginalis

+Site of defect
Deep inguinal ring

+Direction of descent
Downward,forward and medially

+Course—through the following
(1)deep ring
(2)inguinal canal
(3)Superficial ring
(4)Scrotum—presented as a groin swelling

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33
Q

What is the cause of indirect inguinal hernia?

A

In children (indirect mainly) —- patent or persistent processes vaginalis

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34
Q

What is most common inguinal hernia in children?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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35
Q

What is the cause of indirect inguinal hernia in children?

A

Patent or persistent processes vaginalis

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36
Q

What is the site of defect in indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Deep inguinal ring

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37
Q

What is the direction of descent of indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Downward,forward and medially

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38
Q

Discuss course of indirect inguinal hernia

A

through the following
(1)deep ring
(2)inguinal canal
(3)Superficial ring
(4)Scrotum—presented as a groin swelling

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39
Q

Which inguinal hernia passes lateral to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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40
Q

What are the boundaries of Hessel Bach triangle?

A

+Laterally—inferior epigastric vessels
+Medially—Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle
+Inferiorly—Inguinal ligament

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41
Q

What is the clinical significance of Hassel Bach triangle?

A

Site of direct inguinal hernia

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42
Q

What is the site of direct inguinal hernia?

A

(1)Through Hassel Bach triangle
(2)Medial to inferior epigastric vessels

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43
Q

Which inguinal hernia passes medial to inferior epigastric vessels?

A

Direct inguinal hernia

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44
Q

Define direct inguinal hernia

A

(1)Through Hassel Bach triangle
(2)Medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

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45
Q

Define hydrocele

A

Collection of fluids in tunica vaginalis

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46
Q

What is the nerve root of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

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47
Q

What is the course of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

(1)Emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major muscle just inferior to the iliohypogastric nerve
(2)Perforates the transversus abdominis muscle near the anterior part of the iliac crest
(3)Passes between the transversus abdominis and internal oblique muscles
(4)Pierces the Inguinal canal to pass through it anterior to spermatic cord but not enter from beginning
(5)Leave the abdominal wall through superficial Inguinal ring

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48
Q

What is the function of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

+Motor
No motor function in the lower limb but innervates muscle of the abdominal wall
+Sensory
(1)Skin over anteromedial part of the upper thigh and
(2)Adjacent skin of perineum
(3)Anterior scrotum and labia

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49
Q

What causes ilioinguinal nerve injury?

A

Entrapped during Inguinal hernia repair causing severe postoperative pain

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50
Q

What is the manifestations of ilioinguinal nerve injury?

A

Severe postoperative pain

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51
Q

What is the motor function of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

No motor function in the lower limb but innervates muscle of the abdominal wall

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52
Q

What is the sensory function of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

(1)Skin over anteromedial part of the upper thigh and
(2)Adjacent skin of perineum
(3)Anterior scrotum and labia

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53
Q

What is the nerve root of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

L1-L2

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54
Q

What is the course of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

(1)Passes obliquely and anteroinferiorly through psoas major muscle on the posterior abdominal wall
(2)Emerges from the medial border of psoas major opposite the fibrocartilage between L3-L4 vertebrae
(3)It then descends on the anterior surface of psoas major,undercover of the peritoneum

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55
Q

What is the function of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

+Motor
No motor function in lower limb, but genital branch innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of the spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes

+Sensory
-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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56
Q

What are the components of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum

-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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57
Q

What are locations and functions of the components of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum

-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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58
Q

What are the locations of the genital branch of the genitofemoral femoral nerve?

A

+Location—Genital branch(inguinal canal)

+Function
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum

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59
Q

What are the functions of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

+Location—inguinal canal

+Function
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes
(2)Skin of scrotum

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60
Q

What are locations and functions of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)

+Function
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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61
Q

What are the locations of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery
+Function—Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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62
Q

What are the functions of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

+Location—post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
+Function—Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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63
Q

What are the motor functions of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

No motor function in lower limb, but genital branch innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of the spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes

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64
Q

What are the sensory functions of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

-Genital branch(inguinal canal)
(1)Innervates cremaster muscle in the wall of
spermatic cord in men thence cremastric reflexes (2)Skin of scrotum
-Femoral branch(post.to ing.lig,lat.to femoral artery)
Skin at femoral triangle,i.e.,skin on anterior central part of upper thigh

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65
Q

What nerve is responsible for cremasteric reflex?

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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66
Q

Which branch of the genitofemoral nerve is responsible for cremasteric reflex?

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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67
Q

Discuss blood supply to the testis

A
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68
Q

What is the arterial supply to the testis?

A

From aorta

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69
Q

What is the venous drainage of the testis?

A
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70
Q

What is the site of drainage of the right testicular vein?

A

IVC

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71
Q

What is the site of drainage of the left testicular vein?

A

Left renal vein

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72
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis?

A
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73
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

A

Inguinal L.N(medial transverse group)

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74
Q

Which group of inguinal lymph nodes is the site lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?

A

Medial transverse group

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75
Q

Discuss cutaneous Innervation of scrotum?

A
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76
Q

Which nerve supply the anterior scrotum?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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77
Q

Which nerve supply the posterior scrotum?

A

Pudendal nerve

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78
Q

Which nerve supply small area of scrotum?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

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79
Q

Enumerate the layers covering the testes?

A
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80
Q

What guides descend of the testes?

A

Gubernaculum

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81
Q

What is the course of undescended testes?

A

(1)Abdomen
(2)Deep inguinal ring
(3)Inguinal canal
(4)Superficial inguinal ring
(5)Upper scrotum

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82
Q

Enumerate sites of ectopic testes

A

(1)Abdomen
(2)Suprapubic
(3)Base of penis
(4)Superficial inguinal pouch
(5)Inguinal canal
(6)Suprascrotal regions
(7)Contralateral hemiscrotum
(8)Perineal region
(9)Femoral region

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83
Q

Discuss attachment of the diaphragm

A

+origin
(1)Sternal—Xiphoid
(2)Costal—Lower 6 costal cartilages
(3)Vertebral—by 2 crura and 3 arcuate ligaments

+Insertion
Central tendon

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84
Q

What is the nerve supply of the diaphragm?

A

(1)Central part—Phrenic nerve(sensory and motor)
(2)Peripheral part—Lower 6 Thoracic nerves

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85
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

A

(1)Sternal—-Xiphoid
(2)Costal—Lower 6 costal cartilages
(3)Vertebral—by 2 crura and 3 arcuate ligaments

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86
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

87
Q

What is the nerve supply of the central part of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic (Sensory and motor)

88
Q

What is the nerve supply of the peripheral part of the diaphragm?

A

Lower 6 Thoracic nerves

89
Q

What are the opening in the diaphragm and enumerate the contents of each one?

A

Mnemonic;Voice Of Arab
(1)Caval opening (T8)–Vena cava+Phrenic nerve
(2)Oesophageal opening (T10)–Oesophagus+vagus nerve
(3)Aortic opening (T12)–Aorta+thoracic duct+azygous

90
Q

What is the vertebral level of the caval opening in diaphragm?

A

T8

91
Q

What is the vertebral level of the caval opening in diaphragm?

A

T8

92
Q

What is the vertebral level of the oesophageal opening in diaphragm?

A

T10

93
Q

What is the vertebral level of the aortic opening in diaphragm?

A

T10

94
Q

What is the vertebral level of the aortic opening in the diaphragm?

A

T12

95
Q

What are the contents of the caval opening?

A

Vena cava+phrenic nerve

96
Q

What are the contents of the oesophageal opening?

A

Oesophagus+vagus nerve

97
Q

What are the contents of the aortic opening?

A

Aorta+thoracic duct+azygous

98
Q

Compare between the types of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A
99
Q

What are the arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm?

A

(1)Median arcuate ligament
(2)Medial arcuate ligament
(3)Lateral arcuate ligament

100
Q

Discuss blood supply to the stomach

A
101
Q

Discuss arterial supply to the stomach

A
102
Q

Discuss venous drainage of the stomach

A
103
Q

What is the other name for gastroepiploic arteries

A

Gastro-omental arteries

104
Q

What are the main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

(1)Lt gastric artery
(2)Splenic artery
(3)Hepatic artery

105
Q

What are the main branches of the splenic artery?

A

(1)Short gastric—-the fundus
(2)Lt gastroepiploic artery—anastomoses with the Rt gastroepiploic at the greater curvature of the stomach

106
Q

What are the main branches of the hepatic artery proper?

A

(1)Rt gastric artery
anastomoses with the Lt gastric artery from the coeliac trunk on the lesser curvature of the stomach
(2)gastroduodenal artery
from the hepatic artery proper and terminates in a bifurcation when it splits into
+right gastroepiploic artery
+anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery).

107
Q

What artery supply the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Gastrodudenal artery

108
Q

What artery supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Anastomosis of the Rt and Lt gastric arteries

109
Q

What artery supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Anastomosis of the Rt and Lt gastroepiploic (gastrointestinal-omental)arteries

110
Q

What artery supply the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric arteries

111
Q

Enumerate ligaments of the stomach

A
112
Q

What are the ligaments that are part of the greater omentum?

A
113
Q

What is the blood supply to the greater omentum?

A

Gastro-epiploic vessels

114
Q

Discuss main causes upper GIT Bleeding

A
115
Q

Which type of omentum is supplied by gastroepiploic vessels

A

Greater omentum

116
Q

What is the site and source of bleeding from oesophageal varices?

A

+Site—between oesophageal veins and left gastric vein
+Source of bleeding—from left gastric vein

117
Q

What is the location of bleeding from oesophageal varices?

A

Between oesophageal veins and left gastric vein

118
Q

What is source of bleeding from oesophageal varices?

A

Left gastric vein

119
Q

Which blood vessel causes bleeding from oesophageal varices?

A

Left gastric vein

120
Q

What is the clinical significance of left gastric vein?

A
121
Q

What is the site and source of bleeding from duodenal ulcer?

A
122
Q

What is the site of bleeding from duodenal ulcer?

A

Gastroduodenal artery behind the 1st part of duodenum

123
Q

From which artery is the bleeding from duodenal ulcer?

A

Gastroduodenal artery behind the 1st part of duodenum

124
Q

What is the site and source of bleeding from gastric ulcer?

A
125
Q

What is the site and source of bleeding from gastric ulcer between antrum and body of the stomach?

A
126
Q

Discuss peritoneal cavity

A
127
Q

Discuss greater omentum

A
128
Q

What is the other name for the greater omentum?

A

Apron of the peritoneum

129
Q

Discuss attachment of the greater omentum

A
130
Q

What is the clinical significance of the greater omentum?

A
131
Q

Which sac in the abdomen is related to greater omentum?

A

Is connected to the lesser sac

132
Q

Discuss lesser omentum

A
133
Q

Define lesser omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum

134
Q

What is the extension of the lesser omentum?

A

From the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver

135
Q

What is the location of the lesser omentum?

A

In front of the coeliac trunk

136
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lesser omentum?

A
137
Q

Compare between the greater and lesser omentum

A
138
Q

Discuss gastrophrenic ligament

A

+Source—portion of greater omentum
+Location—Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm

139
Q

Define gastrophrenic ligament

A

+portion of greater omentum
+Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm

140
Q

Discuss attachment of the gastrophrenic ligament

A

Extends from fundus of the stomach to diaphragm

141
Q

Discuss gastrosplenic ligament

A

Source—Left part of greater omentum
Attachment—extends from hilum of spleen to greater curvature of stomach

142
Q

From which part of the peritoneum is the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Greater omentum

143
Q

What is the location of the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

Extends from the hilum of the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach

144
Q

Discuss gastrocolic ligament

A

+portion of greater omentum
+extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

145
Q

Discuss hepatogastric ligament

A

+portion of lesser omentum
+extends from liver to lesser curvature of the stomach

146
Q

Discuss heptoduodenal ligament

A

+portion of lesser omentum
+extends from the liver to the 1st part of the duodenum

147
Q

Discuss splenorenal ligament

A

Connects the spleen to the left kidney

148
Q

Discuss hepatorenal ligament

A

Connects the liver to the right kidney

149
Q

Discuss phrenicocolic ligament

A

Extends from the left colic flexture to the diaphragm

150
Q

What are the ligaments that are part of the lesser omentum?

A

(1)Hepatogastric ligament
(2)Hepatoduodenal ligament

151
Q

Enumerate ligaments in the abdomen that are stateless(i.e.,not part of the greater or lesser omentum)?

A

(1)Splenorenal ligament
(2)Phrenico-colic ligament
(3)Hepatorenal ligament

152
Q

Discuss mesentries

A

+Definition
Double fold of peritoneum

+Function
(1)Suspending parts of bowel
(2)Conveying vessels,lymphatic,and nerves of bowel

+Examples
(1)Mesoappendix
(2)Transverse mesocolon
(3)Sigmoid mesocolon

153
Q

Discuss boundaries of the lesser sac(Omental bursa)

A

+Anteriorly -
(1)quadrate lobe of liver,
(2)gastrocolic ligament,
(3)lesser omentum

+Left
(1)left kidney,
(2)left adrenal gland

+Posteriorly
pancreas

+Right
(1)epiploic foramen,
(2)lesser omentum,
(3)greater sac

154
Q

Enumerate the most important structures in the anterior free border of the lesser sac?

A

(1)Hepatic artery
(2)Hepatic duct (Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein

155
Q

What is the surgical significance of the anterior free border of the lesser sac?

A

Contains the most important structures for which Pringle manoeuvre to be done:
(1)Heptic artery
(2)Hepatic duct (Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein

156
Q

What is the location of performing Pringle manoeuvre?

A

The anterior free border of the lesser sac in which these structures are contained
(1)Hepatic artery
(2)Hepatic duct(Common bile duct,CBD)—Anterior to portal vein
(3)Portal vein

157
Q

What is the other name for epiploic foramen.

A

Foramen of Winslow

158
Q

Enumerate boundaries of epiploic foramen?

A
159
Q

What are the measurements of the spleen?

A
160
Q

Describe the peritoneal covering of the spleen

A

Completely covered by Peritoneum

161
Q

Enumerate the ligaments of the spleen?

A
162
Q

Enumerate contents of gastrosplenic ligament

A

(1)Short gastric arteries
(2)Lt gastroepiploic artery

163
Q

Enumerate the contents of the leinorenal ligament

A

(1)Splenic vessels
(2)Tail of pancreas

164
Q

What is the function of leinorenal ligament?

A

Attach the spleen to the posterior abdominal wall

165
Q

What is the function of Phrenicocolic ligament?

A

Direct large spleen to umbilicus

166
Q

Discuss blood supply of the spleen

A
167
Q

What is location of the splenic artery to the pancreas?

A

Above pancreas

168
Q

What is the anatomical significance of the splenic vein?

A

Join superior mesentric vein to form portal vein

169
Q

What is the anatomical location of the splenic vein?

A

Behind pancreas

170
Q

What are the components of portal vein?

A

Portal vein = splenic vein + SM vein

171
Q

What is the incidence of accessory spleen?

A

10%

172
Q

What is the size of accessory spleen?

A

1 cm

173
Q

What are the possible locations of accessory spleen?

A

+4 organs
(1)wall of the stomach
(2)tail of the pancreas
(3)hilum of the spleen
(4)gonads—not ureter

+4 coverings
(1)gastrosplenic ligament
(2)leinorenal ligament
(3)mesentry
(4)greater omentum

+1 vessel
Along splenic vessels

174
Q

What is the most commonly injured structure post splenectomy?

A

Tail of pancreas

175
Q

What vessels should be divided or ligated during splenectomy?

A

Short gastric vessels

176
Q

What is the most commonly injured structure on division of short gastric vessels?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

177
Q

Discuss structure of the spleen

A

+Origin
Mesenchyme

+Cells
(1)White pulp(20%)—lymphocyte
—Immune function
(2)Red pulp(80%)—platelets store
—remove aged and defective RBCs

178
Q

Describe Pringles manoeuvre

A
179
Q

Enumerate ligaments supporting the liver

A

Mnemonic;Full 2 ligaments CT luminous
(1)Falciform ligament: قدام
(2)Ligamentum teres: تحت
(3)Ligamentum venosum: فوق
(4)Coronary ligament: Rt and Lt
(5)Triangular ligament: Rt and Lt

For the last L in luminous ,it could also stands for Ligamentum venosum

180
Q

Describe attachment of the falciform ligament

A

قدام(1)
(2)From the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall

So—-(1)Liver
(2)Diaphragm
(3)Anterior abdominal wall

181
Q

Discuss Ligamentum teres

A

+Definition
Obliterated left umbilical vein

+Location
تحت(1)
(2)In the free margin of the falciform ligament

182
Q

Define Ligamentum teres

A

Obliterated left umbilical vein

183
Q

What is the location of the Ligamentum teres

A

تحت(1)
(2)In the free margin of the falciform ligament

184
Q

Discuss coronary ligament

A

+Definition
Reflections of peritoneum

+Location
From the superior aspect of the liver to the diaphragm

185
Q

Define coronary ligament

A

Reflections of peritoneum

186
Q

What is the location of the coronary ligament?

A

From the superior aspect of the liver to the diaphragm

187
Q

What is the location of the triangular ligament?

A

Rt and Lt to the diaphragm

188
Q

What is the location of Ligamentum venosom?

A

فوق

189
Q

Describe division of the liver by Surgical and anatomical lines

A
190
Q

Describe anatomical and surgical liver lobes

A
191
Q

Discuss anatomical liver lobes

A
192
Q

Discuss surgical liver lobes

A
193
Q

What is the size of the anatomical liver lobes?

A

+Large Rt lobe
+Small Lt lobe

194
Q

What is the size of the surgical liver lobes?

A

Nearly equal

195
Q

What divides lobes of the liver into anatomical lobes?

A
196
Q

What divides lobes of the liver into surgical lobes?

A
197
Q

Compare caudate lobe and quadrate lobe

A
198
Q

What is the location of the caudate lobe?

A
199
Q

What is the location of the quadrate lobe?

A
200
Q

Discuss blood supply to the liver

A
201
Q

which vessel mainly supplies the liver?

A

Portal vein(70%)

202
Q

What is the accessory vessel which helps in blood supply of the liver?

A

Hepatic artery(30%)

203
Q

What percentage of portal vein supplying blood to the liver?

A

70%

204
Q

What percentage of hepatic artery supplying blood to the liver?

A

30%

205
Q

What is the other name for porta hepatis?

A

Hilum of the liver

206
Q

Describe porta hepatis

A
207
Q

What is the location of porta hepatis

A

Between caudate and quadrate lobes

208
Q

What are the contents of porta hepatis?

A
209
Q

What is the location of portal vein in the porta hepatis?

A

Most posterior

210
Q

What is the location of the the hepatic artery in the porta hepatis?

A

Middle

211
Q

What is the location of the hepatic duct in the porta hepatis?

A

(1)Most anterior
(2)Lateral

212
Q

What is the most posterior structure in porta hepatis?

A

Portal vein

213
Q

What is the middle structure in porta hepatis?

A

Hepatic artery

214
Q

What is the most anterior structure in porta hepatis?

A

Rt and Lt hepatic duct

Anatomy For The MRCS Part A (13 decks)

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