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MRCS Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Axilla - borders

A

apex - lateral border of 1st rib, superior border of scapula, posterior border of clavicle
anterior - pectoralis minor/major, subclavius
posterior - teres, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi
medial - thoracic wall and serratus anterior
lateral - intertubercular groove of humerus

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2
Q

Axilla - content

A

Axillary artery/vein
Brachial plexus
Lymph nodes
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

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3
Q

Quadrangular space - content

A

axillary nerve

posterior circumflex humeral artery

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4
Q

Quadrangular space - border

A

superior - teres major
inferior - teres minor
lateral - humerus
medial - long head of triceps

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5
Q

Triangular space - borders

A

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
lateral - long head triceps

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6
Q

Triangular interval - borders

A

Long head of triceps

Teres major

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7
Q

Clavipectoral triangle - borders

A

lateral - deltoid
superior - clavicle
inferior - pectoralis major

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8
Q

Clavipectoral triangle - content

A

Cephalic vein
lateral pectoral nerve
medial pectoral nerve

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9
Q

Cubital fossa - borders

A 
Lateral - brachioradialis
medial - pronator teres
superior - imaginary line between epicondyles
roof - bicipital aponeurosis
floor - brachialis and supinator
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10
Q

Cubital fossa - content

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

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11
Q

Carpal tunnel - borders

A

Formed by two layers - deep carpal arch and superficial flexor retinaculum
Lateral - scaphoid, trapezium
Medial - hamate, pisiform

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12
Q

Carpal tunnel - content

A

FDS/FDP/FPL tendons
median nerve
radial artery

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13
Q

Anatomical snuffbox - borders

A

Medial/ulnar - Extensor pollicis longus
Lateral - Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor Pollicis longus
Proximal - radius styloid
Floor - scaphoid and trapezium

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14
Q

Anatomical snuffbox - content

A

Radial artery
Radial nerve
cephalic vein

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15
Q

Scapula - landmarks

A 
Corocoid process
Acromion
Spine, supraspinous/infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
glenoid - supraglenoid/infraglenoid tubercle
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16
Q

Muscle attachment of scapula

A

Corocoid - pect minor, coracobrachialis, biceps
Acromion - nil
Supraspinatous/Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
supraglenoid tubercle - long head of biceps
infraglenoid tubercle - long head of triceps

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17
Q

Clavicle - landmarks

A

Sternal end - large facet, inferior aspect has costoclavicular ligament
Shaft - attachment to deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pect major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid
Acromioclavicular joint - conoid and trapezoid ligaments

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18
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone, head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
greater tuberosity - Supra/infraspinatous, teres minor
lesser tuberosity - subscapularis
Intertubercular groove - pect major, lat dorsi, teres major; Long head of biceps runs along it
deltoid tuberosity
Radial groove - radial nerve passes and short heads of triceps arises (posteriorly)
Shaft - attachment - coracobrachialis, deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis
Epicondyles and condyles
trochlear, capitulum
Coronoid, radial and olecranon fossa

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19
Q

Ulna

A

Medial aspect
Articulated with trochlear
olecranon and coronoid process
ulnar tuberosity - brachialis

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20
Q

Monteggia’s fracture

A

ulnar mid shaft fracture

head of radius dislocation

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21
Q

Galeazzi’s fracture

A

fracture of distal radius

ulna head dislocation at distal joint

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22
Q

Radius

A 
Lateral aspect
Head of radius to capitulum
Proximal radioulnar joint - rotation
Head, neck
Radial tuberosity - biceps
Radial shaft - Pronator teres
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23
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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24
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A

fracture of 5th metacarpal neck

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25
Q

Bennett’s fracture

A

fracture of 1st MCP base

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26
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Synovial joint
Acromioclavicular, conoid, trapezoid ligaments
Supplied by Supraclavicular artery, thoraco-acromial artery

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27
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle type synovial joint, covered with fibrocartilage
sternoclavicular ligament, interclcavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament
Supplied by suprascapular and ITA

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28
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Synoivial joint, ball and socket joint
Glenohumeral, coracohumeral, transverse, coraco-clavicular ligament
glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, ligaments, biceps

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29
Q

Elbow joint

A

Synovial joint - hinge

Collateral ligament, intratendinous, subtendinous, subcutaneous

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30
Q

Radioulnar joint

A

Proximal and distal
pivot joint
Supination/pronation

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31
Q

Wrist joint

A

Synovial joint

4 ligaments - radiocarpal (palmar/dorsal), ulnar/radial collateral

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32
Q

Axillary artery

A 
Starts lateral border of 1st rib to teres major
Divided by pectoralis minor
Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient
Superior thoracic
Thoracoacromial
Lateral thoracic
Subscapular
Anterior/Posterior humeral circumflex artery
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33
Q

Brachial artery

A

Starts at teres major
gives off profunda brachii
move to lateral aspect of median nerve at cubital fossa
Radial and median artery

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34
Q

Venous system of arm

A

Cephalic

Basilic (at border of teres major enters brachial vein)

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35
Q

Axillary lymph nodes

A 
apical
pectoral
subscapular
humeral
central
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36
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Attachment - Anterior surface of medial clavicle, superior six costal cartilage + aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion - intertubercular sulcus
Nerve - Lateral and medial pectoral nerve

37
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Attachment - 3rd - 5th ribs
Insertion - coracoid
Nerve - medial pectoral nerve

38
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Attachment - lateral aspect of rib 1-8
Insertion - medial border of scapula
Nerve - long thoracic nerve

39
Q

Subclavius

A

Attachment - 1st rib
Insertion - clavicle
Nerve - subclavius

40
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis

41
Q

subscapularis

A

Attachment - Subscapular fossa
Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus
Nerve - upper/lower scapular nerve

42
Q

supraspinatus

A

Attachment - supraspinous fossa
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Nerve - suprascapular nerve

43
Q

infraspinatus

A

Attachment - infraspinous fossa
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Nerve - suprascapular nerve

44
Q

teres minor

A

Attachment - posterior surface of scapula
Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus
Nerve - axillary nerve

45
Q

Deltoid

A

Attachment - lateral third of clavicle, acromion, lateral spine
Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity
Nerve - axillary nerve

46
Q

Teres Major

A

Attachment - posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion - intertubercular groove of the humerus
Nerve - lower subscapular nerve

47
Q

Trapezius

A

Attachment - skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12
Insertion - clavicle, acromion and scapula spine
Nerve - accessory nerve

48
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Attachment - T6-T12 spinous process, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inferior three ribs
Insertion - intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Nerve - Thoracodorsal nerve

49
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Attachment - coracoid, supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion - radial tuberosity
Nerve - musculocutaneous

50
Q

brachialis

A

Attachment - midshaft humerus
Insertion - ulna tuberosity
Nerve - musculocutaneous

51
Q

coracobrachialis

A

Attachment - coracoid process
Insertion - mid shaft humerus
Nerve - musculocutaneous

52
Q

Triceps brachii

A

Attachment - infraglenoid tubercle, radial groove
Insertion - olecranon
Nerve - radial nerve

53
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Attachment - medial epicondyle and ulna
Insertion - pisiform
Nerve - ulnar nerve

54
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Attachment - medial epicondyle
Insertion - felxor retinaculum
Nerve - medial nerve

55
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Attachment - medial epicondyle
Insertion - base of metacarpal 2 and 3
Nerve - median nerve

56
Q

Pronator teres

A

Attachment - medial epicondyle and coronoid process
Insertion - mid shaft of radius
Nerve - median nerve

57
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Attachment - medial epicondyle, radius
Insertion - middle phalanges
Nerve - lateral (median), medial (ulnar)

58
Q

Flexor digitorum profunda

A

Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna
Insertion - distal phalanges
Nerve - lateral (median), medial (ulnar)

59
Q

pronator quadratus

A

Attachment - ulna
Insertion - radius
Nerve - median nerve

60
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

Attachment - radius, interosseous membrane, radius
Insertion - distal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - median nerve

61
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Attachment - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion - distal radius
Nerve - radial nerve

62
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Attachment - supracondylar ridge
Insertion - metacarpal bone2
Nerve - radial nerve

63
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Attachment - lateral condyle
Insertion - metacarpal bone 3
Nerve - radial nerve

64
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Attachment - lateral condyle
Insertion - extensor complex
Nerve - radial nerve

65
Q

extensor digiti minimi

A

Attachment - lateral condyle
Insertion - extensor complex of little finger
Nerve - radial nerve

66
Q

extensor carpu ulnaris

A

Attachment - lateral condyle
Insertion - base of 5th MCP
Nerve - ulna

67
Q

anconeus

A

Attachment - lateral condyle
Insertion - posterior lateral part of olecranon
Nerve - radial

68
Q

supinator

A

Attachment - lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna
Insertion - posterior surface of radius
Nerve - radial

69
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

Attachment - interosseous membrane, radius/ulna
Insertion - lateral side of the 1st metacarpal base
Nerve - radial

70
Q

extensor pollicus brevis

A

Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna
Insertion - base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - radial

71
Q

extensor pollicis longus

A

Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna
Insertion - distal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - radial

72
Q

extensor digiti indici

A

Attachment - ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion - extensor hood
Nerve - radial

73
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

Attachment - Tubercle of trapezium
Insertion - 1st metacarpal
Nerve - median

74
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

Attachment - tubercle of scaphoid, trapezium
Insertion - proximal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - median

75
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

Attachment - tubercle of trapezium
Insertion - base of proximal phalanx
Nerve - median nerve

76
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

Attachment - hook of hamate
Insertion - medial margin of 5th metacarpal
Nerve - ulnar

77
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

Attachment - pisiform
Insertion - proximal phalanx of little finger
Nerve - ulnar

78
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Attachment - hook of hamate
Insertion - proximal phalanx of little finger
Nerve - ulnar

79
Q

Lumbricals

A

Attachment - FDP tendon
Insertion - extensor hood
Nerve - median and ulnar nerve

80
Q

Interossei

A

Attachment - Metacarpals
Insertion - extensor hood
Nerve -

81
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

Attachment - metacarpal 3, capitate
Insertion - proximal phalanx of thumb
Nerve - ulnar

82
Q

Ulnar nerve

A

from brachial plexus (medial cord), enters through Guyon’s canal
C8-T1
Motor - ECU, FCU, FDP, hypothenar muscles (flexor, opponens, abductor digiti minimi)

83
Q

Radial nerve

A

From posterior cord, exits through triangle interval, passes along radial groove
C5-T1
Innervates posterior compartment of arm (triceps, extensors)

84
Q

Median nerve

A

From lateral and medial cord
C6-T1
cross brachial artery in cubital fossa (lateral to medial)
anterior interosseous nerve - deep muscles of forearm (FPL, FDP, pronator quadratus)
recurrent branch - thenar muscles

85
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

Lateral cord
C5-C7
Supplies biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis
Lateral cutaneous nerve

86
Q

Axillary nerve

A

Posterior cord
C5/6
Supplies Deltoid and teres minor
Exits via quadrangular space

87
Q

Brachial plexus - location

A

C5-T1
Roots
Trunk (upper, middle, lower) - between anterior/middle scalene
divisions (anterior/posterior) - posterior triangle of neck
Cords (Lateral, posterior, medial) - axillary artery)

88
Q

Branches of brachial plexus

A

Roots - Long thoracic (c5-c7), Dorsal scapular
Trunk - Upper C5/6 - suprascapular (infra/supraspinatus), Nerve to subclavius
Lateral cord (C5-7) - lateral pectoral (pect major)
Posterior cord - thoracodorsal (lat dorsi) + superior (subscapularis) inferior subscapular (subscapularis and teres major)
Medial cord (C8/T1) - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

MRCS Anatomy (8 decks)

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