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MRCS Anatomy > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

Axilla - borders

A

apex - lateral border of 1st rib, superior border of scapula, posterior border of clavicle
anterior - pectoralis minor/major, subclavius
posterior - teres, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi
medial - thoracic wall and serratus anterior
lateral - intertubercular groove of humerus

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2
Q

Axilla - content

A

Axillary artery/vein
Brachial plexus
Lymph nodes
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis

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3
Q

Quadrangular space - content

A

axillary nerve

posterior circumflex humeral artery

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4
Q

Quadrangular space - border

A

superior - teres major
inferior - teres minor
lateral - humerus
medial - long head of triceps

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5
Q

Triangular space - borders

A

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
lateral - long head triceps

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6
Q

Triangular interval - borders

A

Long head of triceps

Teres major

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7
Q

Clavipectoral triangle - borders

A

lateral - deltoid
superior - clavicle
inferior - pectoralis major

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8
Q

Clavipectoral triangle - content

A

Cephalic vein
lateral pectoral nerve
medial pectoral nerve

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9
Q

Cubital fossa - borders

A 
Lateral - brachioradialis
medial - pronator teres
superior - imaginary line between epicondyles
roof - bicipital aponeurosis
floor - brachialis and supinator
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10
Q

Cubital fossa - content

A

Radial nerve
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery
Median nerve

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11
Q

Carpal tunnel - borders

A

Formed by two layers - deep carpal arch and superficial flexor retinaculum
Lateral - scaphoid, trapezium
Medial - hamate, pisiform

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12
Q

Carpal tunnel - content

A

FDS/FDP/FPL tendons
median nerve
radial artery

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13
Q

Anatomical snuffbox - borders

A

Medial/ulnar - Extensor pollicis longus
Lateral - Extensor pollicis brevis, Abductor Pollicis longus
Proximal - radius styloid
Floor - scaphoid and trapezium

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14
Q

Anatomical snuffbox - content

A

Radial artery
Radial nerve
cephalic vein

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15
Q

Scapula - landmarks

A 
Corocoid process
Acromion
Spine, supraspinous/infraspinous fossa
Subscapular fossa
glenoid - supraglenoid/infraglenoid tubercle
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16
Q

Muscle attachment of scapula

A

Corocoid - pect minor, coracobrachialis, biceps
Acromion - nil
Supraspinatous/Infraspinatous
Subscapularis
supraglenoid tubercle - long head of biceps
infraglenoid tubercle - long head of triceps

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17
Q

Clavicle - landmarks

A

Sternal end - large facet, inferior aspect has costoclavicular ligament
Shaft - attachment to deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pect major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid
Acromioclavicular joint - conoid and trapezoid ligaments

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18
Q

Humerus

A

Long bone, head
Anatomical neck
Surgical neck
greater tuberosity - Supra/infraspinatous, teres minor
lesser tuberosity - subscapularis
Intertubercular groove - pect major, lat dorsi, teres major; Long head of biceps runs along it
deltoid tuberosity
Radial groove - radial nerve passes and short heads of triceps arises (posteriorly)
Shaft - attachment - coracobrachialis, deltoid, brachialis, brachioradialis
Epicondyles and condyles
trochlear, capitulum
Coronoid, radial and olecranon fossa

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19
Q

Ulna

A

Medial aspect
Articulated with trochlear
olecranon and coronoid process
ulnar tuberosity - brachialis

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20
Q

Monteggia’s fracture

A

ulnar mid shaft fracture

head of radius dislocation

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21
Q

Galeazzi’s fracture

A

fracture of distal radius

ulna head dislocation at distal joint

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22
Q

Radius

A 
Lateral aspect
Head of radius to capitulum
Proximal radioulnar joint - rotation
Head, neck
Radial tuberosity - biceps
Radial shaft - Pronator teres
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23
Q

Carpal bones

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, pisiform

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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24
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A

fracture of 5th metacarpal neck

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25
Bennett's fracture
fracture of 1st MCP base
26
Acromioclavicular joint
Synovial joint Acromioclavicular, conoid, trapezoid ligaments Supplied by Supraclavicular artery, thoraco-acromial artery
27
Sternoclavicular joint
Saddle type synovial joint, covered with fibrocartilage sternoclavicular ligament, interclcavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament Supplied by suprascapular and ITA
28
Shoulder joint
Synoivial joint, ball and socket joint Glenohumeral, coracohumeral, transverse, coraco-clavicular ligament glenoid labrum, rotator cuff muscles, ligaments, biceps
29
Elbow joint
Synovial joint - hinge | Collateral ligament, intratendinous, subtendinous, subcutaneous
30
Radioulnar joint
Proximal and distal pivot joint Supination/pronation
31
Wrist joint
Synovial joint | 4 ligaments - radiocarpal (palmar/dorsal), ulnar/radial collateral
32
Axillary artery
``` Starts lateral border of 1st rib to teres major Divided by pectoralis minor Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient Superior thoracic Thoracoacromial Lateral thoracic Subscapular Anterior/Posterior humeral circumflex artery ```
33
Brachial artery
Starts at teres major gives off profunda brachii move to lateral aspect of median nerve at cubital fossa Radial and median artery
34
Venous system of arm
Cephalic | Basilic (at border of teres major enters brachial vein)
35
Axillary lymph nodes
``` apical pectoral subscapular humeral central ```
36
Pectoralis major
Attachment - Anterior surface of medial clavicle, superior six costal cartilage + aponeurosis of external oblique Insertion - intertubercular sulcus Nerve - Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
37
Pectoralis minor
Attachment - 3rd - 5th ribs Insertion - coracoid Nerve - medial pectoral nerve
38
Serratus anterior
Attachment - lateral aspect of rib 1-8 Insertion - medial border of scapula Nerve - long thoracic nerve
39
Subclavius
Attachment - 1st rib Insertion - clavicle Nerve - subclavius
40
Rotator cuff
Teres minor supraspinatus infraspinatus subscapularis
41
subscapularis
Attachment - Subscapular fossa Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus Nerve - upper/lower scapular nerve
42
supraspinatus
Attachment - supraspinous fossa Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Nerve - suprascapular nerve
43
infraspinatus
Attachment - infraspinous fossa Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Nerve - suprascapular nerve
44
teres minor
Attachment - posterior surface of scapula Insertion - greater tubercle of humerus Nerve - axillary nerve
45
Deltoid
Attachment - lateral third of clavicle, acromion, lateral spine Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity Nerve - axillary nerve
46
Teres Major
Attachment - posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion - intertubercular groove of the humerus Nerve - lower subscapular nerve
47
Trapezius
Attachment - skull, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12 Insertion - clavicle, acromion and scapula spine Nerve - accessory nerve
48
Latissimus dorsi
Attachment - T6-T12 spinous process, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and inferior three ribs Insertion - intertubercular sulcus of humerus Nerve - Thoracodorsal nerve
49
Biceps brachii
Attachment - coracoid, supraglenoid tubercle Insertion - radial tuberosity Nerve - musculocutaneous
50
brachialis
Attachment - midshaft humerus Insertion - ulna tuberosity Nerve - musculocutaneous
51
coracobrachialis
Attachment - coracoid process Insertion - mid shaft humerus Nerve - musculocutaneous
52
Triceps brachii
Attachment - infraglenoid tubercle, radial groove Insertion - olecranon Nerve - radial nerve
53
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Attachment - medial epicondyle and ulna Insertion - pisiform Nerve - ulnar nerve
54
Palmaris longus
Attachment - medial epicondyle Insertion - felxor retinaculum Nerve - medial nerve
55
Flexor carpi radialis
Attachment - medial epicondyle Insertion - base of metacarpal 2 and 3 Nerve - median nerve
56
Pronator teres
Attachment - medial epicondyle and coronoid process Insertion - mid shaft of radius Nerve - median nerve
57
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Attachment - medial epicondyle, radius Insertion - middle phalanges Nerve - lateral (median), medial (ulnar)
58
Flexor digitorum profunda
Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna Insertion - distal phalanges Nerve - lateral (median), medial (ulnar)
59
pronator quadratus
Attachment - ulna Insertion - radius Nerve - median nerve
60
flexor digitorum longus
Attachment - radius, interosseous membrane, radius Insertion - distal phalanx of thumb Nerve - median nerve
61
Brachioradialis
Attachment - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion - distal radius Nerve - radial nerve
62
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Attachment - supracondylar ridge Insertion - metacarpal bone2 Nerve - radial nerve
63
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Attachment - lateral condyle Insertion - metacarpal bone 3 Nerve - radial nerve
64
Extensor digitorum
Attachment - lateral condyle Insertion - extensor complex Nerve - radial nerve
65
extensor digiti minimi
Attachment - lateral condyle Insertion - extensor complex of little finger Nerve - radial nerve
66
extensor carpu ulnaris
Attachment - lateral condyle Insertion - base of 5th MCP Nerve - ulna
67
anconeus
Attachment - lateral condyle Insertion - posterior lateral part of olecranon Nerve - radial
68
supinator
Attachment - lateral epicondyle, posterior surface of ulna Insertion - posterior surface of radius Nerve - radial
69
abductor pollicis longus
Attachment - interosseous membrane, radius/ulna Insertion - lateral side of the 1st metacarpal base Nerve - radial
70
extensor pollicus brevis
Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna Insertion - base of proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve - radial
71
extensor pollicis longus
Attachment - interosseous membrane, ulna Insertion - distal phalanx of thumb Nerve - radial
72
extensor digiti indici
Attachment - ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion - extensor hood Nerve - radial
73
Opponens pollicis
Attachment - Tubercle of trapezium Insertion - 1st metacarpal Nerve - median
74
abductor pollicis brevis
Attachment - tubercle of scaphoid, trapezium Insertion - proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve - median
75
Flexor pollicis brevis
Attachment - tubercle of trapezium Insertion - base of proximal phalanx Nerve - median nerve
76
opponens digiti minimi
Attachment - hook of hamate Insertion - medial margin of 5th metacarpal Nerve - ulnar
77
abductor digiti minimi
Attachment - pisiform Insertion - proximal phalanx of little finger Nerve - ulnar
78
flexor digiti minimi brevis
Attachment - hook of hamate Insertion - proximal phalanx of little finger Nerve - ulnar
79
Lumbricals
Attachment - FDP tendon Insertion - extensor hood Nerve - median and ulnar nerve
80
Interossei
Attachment - Metacarpals Insertion - extensor hood Nerve -
81
Adductor pollicis
Attachment - metacarpal 3, capitate Insertion - proximal phalanx of thumb Nerve - ulnar
82
Ulnar nerve
from brachial plexus (medial cord), enters through Guyon's canal C8-T1 Motor - ECU, FCU, FDP, hypothenar muscles (flexor, opponens, abductor digiti minimi)
83
Radial nerve
From posterior cord, exits through triangle interval, passes along radial groove C5-T1 Innervates posterior compartment of arm (triceps, extensors)
84
Median nerve
From lateral and medial cord C6-T1 cross brachial artery in cubital fossa (lateral to medial) anterior interosseous nerve - deep muscles of forearm (FPL, FDP, pronator quadratus) recurrent branch - thenar muscles
85
Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral cord C5-C7 Supplies biceps, coracobrachialis, brachialis Lateral cutaneous nerve
86
Axillary nerve
Posterior cord C5/6 Supplies Deltoid and teres minor Exits via quadrangular space
87
Brachial plexus - location
C5-T1 Roots Trunk (upper, middle, lower) - between anterior/middle scalene divisions (anterior/posterior) - posterior triangle of neck Cords (Lateral, posterior, medial) - axillary artery)
88
Branches of brachial plexus
Roots - Long thoracic (c5-c7), Dorsal scapular Trunk - Upper C5/6 - suprascapular (infra/supraspinatus), Nerve to subclavius Lateral cord (C5-7) - lateral pectoral (pect major) Posterior cord - thoracodorsal (lat dorsi) + superior (subscapularis) inferior subscapular (subscapularis and teres major) Medial cord (C8/T1) - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of arm and forearm

MRCS Anatomy (8 decks)

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