Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MRCS Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal wall - anterior layers

A 
Skin
Camper's fascia
Scarpa's fascia
external oblique
internal olblique
transversus abdominis
transversalis fascia
2 layers of peritoneum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

External oblique

A

origin: ribs 5-12
insertion: iliac crest and pubic tubercle
innervation: thoracoabdominal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Internal oblique

A

origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
insertion: ribs 10-12
innervation: thoracoabdominal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

origin: inguinal ligament, costal cartilage, iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
insertion: conjoint tendon, xiphoid process, linea alba and pubic crest
innervation: thoracoabdominal muscles, subcostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

origin: Crest of pubis
insertion: xiphoid process and sternum and costal cartilage 5-7
innervation: thoracoabdominal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pyramidalis

A

origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis
insertion: linea alba
innervation: subcostal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Formed by the aponeurosis of three flat muscles
Anterior wall - aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique
posterior wall - aponeurosis of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
ARCUATE LINE - midway from umbilicus to pubic symphysis where the posterior wall also lies anterior to the rectus sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Posterior abdominal wall

A

Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
psoas minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
insertion: transverse process of L1-L4
innervation: T12- L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psoas major

A

origin: T12-L5
insertion: Lesser trochanter
innervation: L1-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Psoas minor

A

origin: T12, L1
insertion: superior ramus of pubis
innervation: L1
action: flexion fo vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fascia of the posterior wall

A

Psoas fascia - encloses psoas major & minor

thoracolumbar fascia - divided into 3 layers, anterior, middle and posterior layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peritoneum

A

Continous layer divided into parietal and visceral peritoneum
Squamous epithelial cells from mesothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Somatic sensation thus well localised

sensitive pain, laceration, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Splanchnic mesoderm origin
poorly localises, referred to pain in dermatomes
Sensitive to chemical and stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intraperitoneal organ

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen
GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Retroperitoneal organ

A 
primary vs secondary
Suprarenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum (except 1st part)
Pancreas (except the tail)
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending)
Kidneys
Oesophagus
Rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Peritoneal reflections

A

Mesentery
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mesentery

A 
Double layer of the visceral peritoneum
Connects the organs to the posterior abdominal wall
Small bowel
Transverse colon
Sigmoid mesocolon
mesoappendix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Greater omentum

A

Greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to anterior surface of transverse colon
Act as immunological barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Lesser curvature of stomach & proximal part of duodenum to liver
Hepatogastric ligament & hepatoduodenal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Greater sac

A

Divided by transverse mesocolon
Supracolic - stomach, liver and spleen
Infracolic - small intestine, colon

23
Q

Lesser sac

A

posterior to stomach and lesser omentum
connected to greater sac via EPIPLOIC FORAMEN
situated posterior to the free edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament

24
Q

Peritoneum in pelvis

A

Male - rectovesical pouch - CLOSED

female - vesicouterine pouch and rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

25
Inguinal canal - borders
Floor - inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament medially Anterior - internal oblique then external oblique aponeurosis Posterior - transversalis fascia roof - transversalis fascia, transverse abdominis and internal oblique
26
Inguinal canal content
Spermatic cord | Ilioinguinal nerve
27
Spermatic cord content
3 fascia - external spermatic (external oblique aponeurosis), cremaster muscle & fascia (internal oblique aponeurosis) and internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia) 3 arteries - testicular, cremaster, vas 2 nerves - autonomic, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve 4 others - pampiliform, lymphatics, vas deferens, tunica vaginalis
28
Formation of inguinal canal
``` GUBERNACULUM guides the descend of testis from posterior abdominal wall to scrotum Processus vaginalis (part of peritoneum) degenerates but if not - leads to indirect hernia ```
29
GI Tract - oesophagus
approx 25cm in length C6 to T11 and pierces diaphragm at T10 attached to the phrenoesophageal ligament consists of internal circular and external longitudinal muscles Upper oesophageal sphincter - cricopharyngeus muscle, striated muscle Lower oesophageal sphincter - PHYSIOLOGICAL (acute angle of entry, gets compressed with raised IAP, folds of mucosa and right crus of diaphragm Supplied by inferior thyroid, aorta, left gastric artery Drains into portal circulation via left gastric vein and azygous vein
30
GI tract - Stomach
Cardia - fundus - body - pylorus (ANATOMICAL SPHINCTER) Greater curvature - reaches the pyloric antrums Lesser curvature: has the angular notch which divives the body and pylorus Supplied by left gastric (coeliac trunk), right gastric (CHA), right gastro omental (gastroduodenal), left gastro omental (splenic) Drains to Left and & right gastric - hepatic portal vein Gastro omental into SMV
31
GI tract - Small interstine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
32
Duodenum
4 parts 1st - intraperitoneal, attached to liver by hepatoduodenal ligament, common area for ulcers 2nd - retroperitoneal, major duodenal papilla (posteromedial wall) 3rd - crosses over IVC and aorta, posterior to SMA 4th - duodenojejunal flexure, suspensory muscle of the duodenum supplied by gastroduodenal artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (SMA)
33
Jejunum and ileum
attached the posterior wall by mesentery starts at the duodenojejunal flexure and ends at ileocaecal junction Jejunum - thicker wall, longer vasa recta, less arcadesm red ileum - thinner wall, shorter vasa recta, more arcades and pink
34
Caecum
Start of colon, inferior to IC junction | intraperitoneal
35
Appendix
``` Vermiform shaped blind end tube located posteromedial to caecum, at the end of tinea Pre ileal - 1 (anterior) Post ileal - 2 (posterior) sub ileal - 3 (alond) pelvic - 5 subcaecal - 6 (below caecum) para caecal - 10 (lateral to caecum) retro caecal - 11 (posteiror to caecum) ```
36
Colon
It has omentum appendices, teniae coli, haustra Ascending - retroperitoneal up to hepatic flexure Transverse - mesocolon up to splenic flexure Descending - retroperineal up to sigmoid flexure Sigmoid - intraperitoneal up to rectosigmoid junction Supplied by SMA (right colic, middle colic) and IMA (left colic, sigmoid) Watershed area - marginal artery of Drummond
37
Rectum
Stores faeces, 15cm long begins at S3 superior third covered by peritoneum from 3 sides and middle third covered on anterior side Supplied by Superior rectal (IMA), middle rectal (IIA), inferior rectal (pudendal) Drains into superior/middle/inferior rectal veins where superior one drains into IMV thus postal system sympathetic - lumbar splanchnic - inferior hypogastric plexus parasympathetic - S2-S4
38
Anal canal
located at the anal triangle, right and left ischioanal fossa internal sphincter - involuntary external sphincter - voluntary puborectalis muscles ABOVE pectinate line - endoderm origin, columnar epithelium, organised into anal column and anal valve; supplied by SRA, SRV BELOW pectinate line - ectoderm origin, non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium until intersphincteric groove - skin; supplied by IRA/IRV
39
Liver - surface
Intraperitoneal organ 4 ligaments - falciform ligament (ligamentunm teres - umbilical vein), coronary ligaments, triangular ligaments, lesser omentunm (hepatoduodenal/hepatogastric) 3 recesses - subphrenic, subhepatic and morison's pouch 2 supply - hepatic portal and systemic
40
Liver lobal anatomy
2 lobes divided by falciform ligament 2 further accessory lobes caudate - separated by IVC and ligamentum venosum (remnant of ductus venosus) quadrate - separated by ligamentum teres (umbilical vein) and lies with the gall bladder anatomically part of right but functionally part of left lobe Can also be divided in 8 hepatic segments
41
Gall bladder
Located at L1 Stores bile, connected through the cystic duct and joins the CBD Fundus - body - neck - Hartmann's pouch - cystic duct Supplied by cystic artery (branch of hepatic artery) Vagus nerve stimulates as well but main stimulant is Cholecystokinin
42
Biliary tree
Right and left hepatic duct Common hepatic duct (+ cystic duct ) Common biliary duct (+ pancreatic duct) Ampulla of Vater
43
Pancreas
Retroperitoneal Exocrine and endocrine organ Head, uncinate process, neck, body and tail (intraperitoneal) Lies posterior to SMA/SMV Tail is closely related to spleen via splenic artery and splenorenal ligament supplied by pancreatic branch of splenic, superior & inferior pancreatoduodenal (gastroduodenal)
44
Spleen
Immunological & haematological organ Intraperitoneal Ligaments - splenorenal ligament, gastrosplenic ligament 1 x 3 x 5 inches, 7 ounces (200g), ribs 9-11 Splenic artery has segmental supply thus subtotal resection is possible
45
Adrenal glands
Retroperitoneal organ, endocrine organ Cortex - zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoid), zona fasciculata (glucocorticoid), zona reticularis (sex hormones) Medulla - chromaffin cells - adrenaline Supply - 3 arteries Superior adrenal - inferior phrenic artery Middle adrenal - aorta Inferior adrenal - renal artery
46
Kidneys
Retroperitoneal organ - T12-L3 Clear toxin from circulation & maintain circulatory homeostasis (volume & electrolyte) Complex fascia - capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia, pararenal fat Cortex & medulla Medulla - renal pyramids - calyx - pelvis - ureter Supply - renal artery - interlobar - arcuate Drains into renal veins (left side drains adrenal & gonadal as well)
47
Aorta
Ascending aorta - left and right coronary Arch - brachiocephalic, CCA, subclavian Thoracic - bronchial, mediastinal, oesophageal, pericardial, superior phrenic, intercostal arteries Abdominal - Inferior phrenic, Coeliac(T12), SMA(L1), Middle adrenal, renal, gonadal (L2), IMA(L3), Median sacral (L4), CIA(L4); lumbar arteries
48
Coeliac trunk
at T12 Common hepatic artery - hepatic artery proper (right gastric, R&L hepatic, cystic), gastroduodenal (superior pancreaticoduodenal, right gastro omental) Left gastric artery - oesophageal Splenic artery - left gastro omental, short gastric, pancreatic branches
49
Superior mesenteric artery
``` at L1, supplies the midgut anterior aspect - pyloric part of stomach, splenic vein, NECK of pancreas posterior aspect - left renal vein, duodenum, uncinate process of pancreas Major branches: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Right & middle colic Ileocolic Jejunal & ileal arteries ```
50
Inferior mesenteric artery
at L3, supplies the hindgut, retroperitoneal main branches: Left colic; Sigmoid; Superior rectal Anastomosis with middle colic - Marginal artery of Drummond
51
Venous drainage
IVC | Hepatic portal system
52
Inferior vena cava
Formed by CIV at L5 | Drains - Lumbar veins, right gonadal, right adrenal, right and left renal, inferior phrenic and hepatic veins
53
Portal venous system
Drains the GIT content and supplied to liver At L2 Formed by SMV & Splenic Drains R&L gastric, cystic, para-umbilical veins Splenic - short gastric, left gastroomental, pancreatic, IMV SMV - right gastroomental, anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal, jejunal, ileal, ileocolic, right & middle colic
54
Portosystemic anastomosis
Oesophageal - left gastric and azygous Rectal - superior rectal and inferior rectal Retroperitoneal - mesenteric to reperitoneal Paraumbilical - portal vein to anterior abdominal wall

MRCS Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions