Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MRCS Anatomy > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Perineum - borders anatomical

A 
Anterior - pubic symphysis
Posterior - tip of coccyx
lateral - inferior pubic rami/inferior ischial rami, sacrotuberous ligament
roof - pelvic floor
base - skin & fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perineum - borders - surface

A

Anterior - mons pubis in females, base of penis
laterally - medial surface of the thigh
posteriorly - superior end of intergluteal cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Content - anal triangle

A

Posterior half of perineum
Anal aperture
External anal sphincter
two ischioanal fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Content - urogenital triangle

A

Anterior half of perineum
deep perineal pouch
perineal membrane - perforated by urethra, provides attachment to superficial external genitalia
Superficial perineal pouch
Deep perineal fascia
superficial perineal fascia - continuous to the abdominal wall
SKin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Content of deep perineal pouch

A

part of urethra
external urethral sphincter
bulbourethral glands
deep transverse perineal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Content of Superficial perineal pouch

A 
erectal tissue 
ischiocavernosus
bulbocavernosus
superficial transverse perineal muscles 
Greater vestibular gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Perineal body

A

Central point of perineum

attachment to pelvic floor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hip/pelvic bone

A 
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
sacrum
coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

Sacroiliac joint
sacrococcygeal symphysis
pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Borders of Pelvic inlet

A

Posterior - sacral promontory
lateral - arcuate line on the inner surface of ileum, pectineal line on the superior ramus
anterior - pubic symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Borders of Pelvic outlet

A

Posterior - tip of coccyx
lateral - ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous ligament
anteiror - pubic arch/ischiopubic rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sacrum

A

Fused vertebrae
Pevic surface - transverse line & promontory, anterior sacral foramina
Dorsal surface - media sacral crest (fused SP), lateral sacral crest gives attachment to sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coccyx

A

Fused vertebrae
Caudal eminence
base has coccygeal cornu
attachment to levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pelvic floor

A

Funnel shaped, attaches to the lesser pelvis and support abdominopelvic viscera
has 2 hiatus - urogenital and rectal
levator ani, coccygeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Levator ani

A

3 paired muscles; S2-4
Pubococcygeus, Puborectalis, Iliococcygeus
Anterior - pubic body
Laterally - obturator internus/tendinous arch
Posterior - ischial spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Puborectalis

A

U shaped sling
passed urogenital hiatus, around anal canal
Creates anorectal angle & anorectal junction
prevent defaecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pubococcygeus

A

Pubic to tendinous arch
travels around urogenital hiatus and attaches to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament
some loop around prostate/vagina, some terminate at perineal body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

ischial spine to tendinous arch

then attaches to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coccygeus

A

Smaller posterior muscle

Ischial spine to sacrum/coccyx along sacrospinous ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ureter

A

25cm long, retroperitoneal
Starts at renal pelvis - uteropelvic junction
at SIJ, crosses pelvic brim & crosses CIA
Runs along the lateral wall and turn anteromedially at ischial spine
Enters ureter in oblique manner
Supplied by renal artery, CIA, vesical arteries

21
Q

Urinary bladder

A

anterior organ in pelvic cavity
Apex - connected to umbilicus via median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)
Body
Fundus - trigone (smooth wall location where ureters & urethra are found)
Neck

22
Q

Muscles of bladder

A

Detrusor muscles - smooth muscles
internal urethral sphincter - autonomic
external urethral sphincter - voluntary control

23
Q

Neurovascular supply of bladder

A 
Superior vesical artery - IIA
Inferior vesical artery 
Sympathetic - hypogastric nerve (T12-L2)
Parasympathetic - pelvic S2-S4
Voluntary control - pudendal nerve S2-S4
Bladder stretch reflex - primitive reflex, stretch in bladder wall in detected and detrusor muscle contract through parasympathetic nerve
24
Q

urethra

A

lined with stratified columnar epithelium
Male:
preprostatic - internal urethral orifice to prostate
prostatic - has ejaculatory duct & prostatic duct
membranous - through pelvic flour and deep perineal pouch, has external urethral sphincter
spongy - through bulb and corpus spongiosum & external urethral orifice
Female - 4cm long, opens between labia minora (vestibule)

25
Q

Penis

A

Root - superficial perineal pouch
Body
Glans
Muscles - bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus
ligaments - suspensory and fundiform
supplied by dorsal, deep and bulbourethral arteries (internal pudendal artery)

26
Q

Erectile tissue

A

Corpora cavernosa x2 - root = crus
Corpus spongiosum - urethra passes through, root = bulb
Covered by deep fascia of penis and tunica albuginea

27
Q

Testes

A

In scrotum
suspended by spermatic cord
contains seminiferous tubules for spermatogenesis
has 2 coverings - tunica vaginalis (peritoneum) and tunica albuginea (fibrous capsule)

28
Q

Describe sperm pathway

A 
seminiferous tubules
tubulus rectus
rete testis
efferent tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
seminal vesicles add semen, passes through cowpers gland
ejaculatory duct 
urethra
29
Q

Scrotum layers

A 
Skin
Dartos - fascia/muscle
external spermatic fascia
cremasteric fascia
internal spermatic fascia
tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
30
Q

Spermatic cord - content

A

3 arteries - testicular, vas, cremateric
2 nerves - genitofemoral nerve, autonomic nerve
4 others - pampiliform plexus, lymphatics, vas deferens, processes vaginalis

31
Q

Prostate gland

A

Anatomical lobes - anterior, posteiror, lateral, medial
Histological zone - central, transitional and peripheral
Covered by capsule
suppied by prostatic artery (IIA)
drained via protastic venous plexus (IIV but also connects to batson venous plexus/internal vertebral venous plexus)

32
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Also known as Cowper’s
Located posterior to membranous urethra
Secretes mucus for neutralising urethra
Enclosed within the external urethral sphincter

33
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

located between bladder fundus and rectum
Joins vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct
it has pseudostratified columnar epithelium
From mesonephric duct
supplied by internal pudendal/inferior vesicle and middle rectal arteries - IIA

34
Q

Vulva

A 
Mons pubis - anterior to vulva
Labia majora - labioscrotal swellings
Labia minora - urethral folds
Vestibule - external vaginal orifice & urethra
Bartholin's gland
Clitoris
35
Q

Neurovascular supply to vulva

A

Pudendal artery & veins
Anterior - ilioinguinal & genitofemoral nerve
Posteiror - pudendal nerve & posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

36
Q

Vagina

A 
approx 9cm long
Stratified squamous epithelium lining
Elastic lamina propria
Fibromuscular layer
Adventitia
supplied by uterine and vaginal artery
uterovaginal plexus within broad ligament
37
Q

Cervix

A

Lower portion of uterus
ectocervix - stratified non keratinising squamous epithelium
Endocervix - simple columnar epithelium
supplied by uterine artery

38
Q

Uterus

A

Fundus, body and cervix
Fundus has 3 layers - peritoneum, myometrium, endometrium
5 ligaments

39
Q

Endometrium

A

Deep stratum basalis - unchanged during menstruation

Superficial stratum functionalis - oestrogen & progesterone sensitive

40
Q

5 ligaments of uterus

A

Broad ligament - peritoneum, acts as mesentery (mesometrium - proximal part of round ligament, mesovarium, mesosalpinx)
Round ligament - gubernaculum, from uterine horn to labia majora through inguinal canal
Ovarian ligament
Cardinal ligament - base of broad ligament, from cervix to lateral pelvic wall, contains uterine artery
Uterosacral ligament
Pubocervical ligament

41
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

Transport and transfer ovum
inner mucosa - ciliated columnar epithelium & peg cells
Fimbriae - Infundibulum - Ampulla - Isthmus
Supplied by uterine and ovarian artery

42
Q

Ovaries

A

Develop from mesonephric ridge
attached to posterior surface of broad ligament - mesovarium
Produce oocytes and sex hormones
3 surface - Surface (cuboidal epithelium), cortex, medulla
2 ligaments - suspensory ligaments (contains NV structures) and ovarian ligament

43
Q

Internal iliac artery

A

bifurcates from CIA at L5/S1

Divides into anterior and posterior trunk at superior border of greater sciatic foramen

44
Q

Anterior trunk

A

Obturator - adductors, passes through obturator foramen
Umbilical - gives off superior vesical
Inferior vesical - bladder, prostate, seminal vesicles
uterine - cardinal ligament, crosses uterer superiorly and 1cm laterally
vaginal
middle rectal - anastomoses with SRA & IRA
Internal pudendal - exits via greater sciatic foramen and enters again via lesser sciatic foramen
Inferior gluteal - leaves via greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis, supplies gluteus maximus

45
Q

Posterior trunk

A

Iliolumbar - posterior abdominal wall
Lateral sacral
Superior gluteal - greater sciatic foramen, superior to piriformis - gluteus minimus, medius

46
Q

External iliac vein

A

Continuation of femoral vein
receives inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac veins
Joins IIV to become CIV

47
Q

Internal iliac vein

A 
Formed by 
Superior & inferior gluteal 
Internal pudendal - inferior rectal 
Obturator
lateral sacral
middle rectal - drains prostate
vesical 
uterine and vaginal
48
Q

Common iliac vein

A

Formed at L5

iliolumbar and middle sacral joins as well

MRCS Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions