upper GI pathologies

Question 1

Oesophageal strictures

Answer 1

abnormal tightening of the oesophagus that can lit or block food and liquid from travelling from the throat to stomach

presents as dysphagia, burning sensation in neck or throat

gold standard image cervical spine and barium swallow

appears with a narrowed oesophagus

Question 2

achalasia

Answer 2

disorder of cardiac sphincter failing to relax during swallowing

presents as patient struggling to swallow and food getting caught in throat

imaging is barium study

Question 3

Oesophagitis

Answer 3

lower part of the oesophagus becomes inflammed as a result of reflux gastric acid

presents with chest pain and vomitting

Question 4

Hiatus hernia

Answer 4

when a part of the stomach moves up into the chest

presents with heartburn, reflux, bad breath, bloating, nausea and difficulty swallowing

Question 5

Gastritis

Answer 5

inflammation of the stomach caused

presents as burning ache or pain in abdomen, nausea, vomitting

gold standard imaging is a barium meal

Question 6

Peptic ulcer

Answer 6

ulcers in the stomach caused by inflammation

Question 7

Bezoars

Answer 7

accumulation of fibrous material within the lumen of the bowel that can eventually lead to obstruction

Question 8

Volvulus of stoamch

Answer 8

twisting of the stomach that can lead to obstruction

Question 9

crohns disease

Answer 9

inflammation of the bowel

presents with diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, fever and fatigue

Question 10

crohns disease

Question 11

Salivary duct obstrsuction

Question 12

salivary gland stones

Question 13

Duct dilation