Lower GI pathology

Question 1

Appendicitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the appendix that occurs when it becomes infected

patient presents with abdomen pain travelling to right hand side, loos of appetite, nausea, vomitting, constipation, diarrhoea and fever

appears with enlarged appendix

gold standard imaging TA ultrasound and CT abdo-pelvis

Question 2

bowel cancer

Answer 2

cancer in the bowl

presents as change in bowel movement, pain

appears as polyps in the bowel

gold standard imaging is CT and MRI and staging

Question 3

Bowel obstruction

Answer 3

mechanical blockage of the bowel when pathology physically blocks the passage

presents as change in bowel movement, constipation, pain

gold standard imaging is plain abdominal xray then Ct

Question 4

Diverticular disease

Answer 4

small pouches or sacs form pushing through weak spots in the wall of the colon

presents as pain, nausea and vomitting, fever and constipation

gold standard imaging is CT

Question 5

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 5

inflammation in the colon and rectum and small ulcers in lining of the colon that produce pus and mucus

presents as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, rectal pain and bleeding and urgency to defecate, weight loss

appears as enlarged colon

Question 6

Crohns Disease

Answer 6

inflammation occurs in the colon and rectum that can affect the entire thickness of the digestive tract wall

presents as diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain and cramping, blood in stool, mouth sores, fistula around anus

appears as enlarged colon

gold standard imaging ct