GU pathology

Question 1

kidney stones

Answer 1

hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidney

presents as severe pain, sweating, nausea and haematuria

appears as calcified densities within renal systems

gold standard imaging is KUB followed by CT with contrast then IUV

Question 2

renal cyst

Answer 2

sacs of fluid in te kidney

presents with haematuria, pain , fever

appears with smooth, round opacity

gold standard imaging is KUB then Ct with contrast

Question 3

PUJ obstruction

Answer 3

narrowing of the pelvic ureteric junction resulting in obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidney to the ureter

patient presents with UTI, abdominal mass, vomiting, bank pain

appears as ballooned renal pelvis with collapsed proximal ureter

gold standard imaging is KUB and CT IUV

Question 4

bladder stones

Answer 4

hard lumps of minerals that form inside of the bladder

patient presents with lower abdominal pain, pain during urination, frequent urinating, haematuria and cloudy unusually dark coloured urine

appears are calcifications in the bladder

gold standard CT IUV

Question 5

TCC

Answer 5

transitional cell carcinoma

patient presents with visible blood in urine, painful urination, fatigue and weight loos, strong to urinate but inability to do so

appears as thick bladder wall, masses protruding into bladder lumen

gold standard imaging CT then MRI for staging

Question 6

Hydronphrosis

Answer 6

swelling of both kidneys
patient presents with pain , difficulties urinating , nausea and vomitting and fever

appears with enlarged kidneys

gold standard imaging is CT KUB

Question 7

horse shoe kidney