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Alimentary > Upper GI disorders > Flashcards

Upper GI disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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2
Q

Causes of dysphagia

A 
benign tumour (from acid reflux)
malignant tumour
motility disorders 
inflammation 
outside pressure (lung cancer)
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3
Q

Investigations of oesophagus

A

endoscope
barium swallow
pH measuring
muscle strength (manometry)

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4
Q

What are the two categories of motility disorders

A

hypermotility

hypomotility

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5
Q

Most common hypermotility disorder

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

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6
Q

Symptoms of diffuse oesophageal spasm

A

Severe chest pain with phases of dysphagia

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7
Q

Treatment for diffuse oesophageal spasm

A

smooth muscle relaxants (Nitrates and Ca Antagonists)

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8
Q

Between oesophageal cancer and motility disorders. What is more likely in a younger patient

A

motility disorder

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9
Q

Symptoms of achalasia

A

progressive dysphasia (first solids then liquids)
weight loss
chest pain
regurgitation and chest infections

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10
Q

Condition where LOS is tighter than normal

A

Achalasia

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11
Q

Pharmacological treatment for achalasia

A

nitrates and Ca Blockers (smooth muscle relaxants)

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12
Q

Treatment for patients with achalasia who are not fit for invasive procedures

A

endoscope injecting botox in LOS

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13
Q

Most common treatment for achalasia

A

balloon dilation

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14
Q

Best long term treatment for achalasia

A

myotomy (surgical)

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15
Q

GORD symptoms

A

heartburn
water brash (excess saliva which cause reflux)
cough
sleep disturbance

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16
Q

GORD risk factors

A 
pregnancy 
obesity 
muscle relaxant drugs 
smoking alcoholism
hypomotility
17
Q

Treatment for Barett’s oesophagus

A

endoscopic mucosal resection
radiotherapy
Oesophagectomy (rare)

18
Q

Treatment for GORD

A

Lifestyle (alcohol, smoking, weight)
Pharmacological:
Alginates (Gaviscon)
Protein pump inhibitor (Omeprazole and Lansoprazole)

19
Q

Treatment for GORD which does not respond to treatment

A

fundoplication

20
Q

Main oesophageal cancer

A

Progressive dysphagia

weight loss

21
Q

Eosinophilic oesophagus treatment

A

swallowed corticosteroids
dietary management
endoscopic dilation with bad dysphagia

Alimentary (14 decks)

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