Pathology of small and large intestine Flashcards
Main causes of inflammatory bowel disease
Crohn’s disease
ulcerative colitis
Where can Crohn’s disease affect
Any part of GI tract
Where can ulcerative colitis affect
colon only
What causes inflammatory bowel disease
immune response to normal colon flora
What gene is associated with Crohn’s disease
NOD2
What gene is associated with ulcerative colitis
HLA
pANCA is indicative of what disease
ulcerative colitis
Where does ulcerative colitis normally begin and then spread
rectum
proximally
name for rectal inflammation
proctitis
Name for total colon inflammation
pancolitis
Does ulcerative colitis have granulomas
no
causes of acute ischemic bowel
thrombosis and emboli of major arteries
Causes of chronic ischaemic bowel
inflammation causing ulceration
What is a possible complication of radiotherapy
radiation colitis
Causes of appendicitis
faecal mater trapped in appendix
worms
Other name for polyp
adenoma
Differences between right and left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma in shape
Right- polyp like
left-annular (right round the lumen like a napkin holder)
Differences between right and left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma in bleeding
right- altered appearance
left- fresh or altered appearance
Differences between right and left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma in symptoms
right- vague pain and weakness
left- change in bowel habit
Differences between right and left sided colorectal adenocarcinoma in bowel obstruction
right- tumour becomes larger before obstruction
left- tumour doesn’t need to be as big so obstruction early in condition
How can progression of bowel cancer be categorised and what do the letters stand for
TNM
T-size(how many layers its invaded)
N-lymph node invasion
M-metastasises
