oesophagus pathologie

Question 1

main cause of acid reflux

Answer 1

hiatus hernia

Question 2

How does the oesophagus heal from acid reflux and it issues

Answer 2

fibrosis is healing process

this causes narrowing, less motility and possibly an obstruction

Question 3

What is Barret’s oesophagus

Answer 3

when the cells of the oesophagus change to cells of the intestine in response to damage from acid reflux

Question 4

2 Types of cancer of the oesophagus

Answer 4

squamous carcinoma

adenocarcinoma from Barret’s oesophagus

Question 5

Risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of oesophagus

Answer 5

smoking
alcohol
dietary carcinogens

Question 6

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of oesophagus

Answer 6

Barret’s metaplasia

obesity

Question 7

Local effects of oesophageal cancer

Answer 7

obstruction 
ulceration 
perforation (leakage of oesophageal contents into the thorax)

Question 8

Likely site of oesophageal metastases

Answer 8

liver
regional lymph
surrounding structures

Question 9

What cautionary procedure is carried out with patients with oesophageal cancer

Answer 9

CT of liver to look for metastases