Upper GI Bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

Causes: AAA

A

AAA

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2
Q

Aetiology/ Risk Factors: What are the causes of upper GI bleeding we can find upon doing an endoscopy (11)

A

Causes:

  • Peptic ulcer (gastric and duodenal) – MOST
  • Oesophageal ulcer
  • Oesophagitis
  • Gastritis
  • Duodenitis
  • Oesophageal varices
  • Gastric varices
  • Oesophageal cancer
  • Gastric cancer
  • Mallory Weiss tear
  • Angiodysplasia in the stomach and duodenum
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3
Q

Pathology: XXX

A

XXX

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4
Q

Symptoms and signs: How does a patient with upper GI bleeding present?

A

How a patient presents (signs and symptoms):

  • Haematemesis (caused by a bleed anywhere above the jejunum)
  • Melaena (black tarry stools, not fresh blood!)
  • Reflux
  • Epigastric pain
  • Dyspepsia
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5
Q

Investigations: What investigation do we perform for upper GI bleeding?

A
  • Upper GI endoscopy (within 24 hours, sooner if the patient is unstable) - Diagnostic and therapeutic
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6
Q

Treatment: How do we manage a patient with GI bleeding?

A

Management of upper GI bleeding requires PROMPT RESUSITATION:
- Protect the AIRWAY

  • Give high flow O2 to help with BREATHING
  • To ensure adequate CIRCULATION, gain IV access to give IV fluids. Using an IV cannula, take bloods (FBC, U+E, LFTs, coagulation) and cross match before doing a blood transfusion (if Hb<70g/L). Insert a urinary catheter. Tranexamic acid to inhibit clot breakdown.
  • DISABILITY
  • EXPOSURE
  • Urgent ENDOSCOPY once stable
  • Correct clotting abnormalities by giving VITAMIN K
  • IV platelets or FFP if ongoing bleeding
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7
Q

Complications: XXX shock

A

XXX shock?

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8
Q

Extra: AAA

A

AAA

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