Upper Gastrointestinal Disease Flashcards
What are the different parts of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum
Pylorus
Duodenum
What are normal features of a histology slide for the body of a stomach?
Lined by gastric mucosa columnar epithelium (foveolar, mucin secreting)
Specialised glands in the lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa
What are normal features of a histology slide of the antrum of a stomach?
Lined by gastric mucosa columnar epithelium (fovelolar, mucin secreting)
Non-specialised glands in the lamina propria (gastric pits)
Mucularis mucosa
What are normal features of a histology slide of the duodenum?
Glandular epithelium with goblet cells - Intestinal type epithelium.
Villous architecture: villous:crypt ratio of >2:1
What is this?
Acute oesophagitis
What is this?
Acute oesophagitis
What is reflux oesophagitis?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Commonest cause of oesophagitis
Reflux of acidic gastric contents
What are complications associated with reflux oesophagitis?
Ulceration:
- Necrotic slough
- Inflammatory exudate
- Granulation tissue
Fibrosis:
- Haemorrhage
- Perforation
- Stricture
- Barrett’s oesophagus
What is Barrett’s oesophagus?
Re-epithelialisation by metaplastic columnar epithelium usually with goblet cells - intestinal type epithelium.
AKA columnar lined oesophagus (CLO).
What is this?
Barrett’s oesophagus
What is this?
Normal
What is this?
Barrett’s oesophagus
What is this?
Barrett’s oesophagus with intestinal metaplasia
What is the sequelae of disease progression to neoplasia?
Metaplastic glandular epithelium - Intestinal type
Dysplasia - Changes showing some of the cytological and histological features of malignancy but no invasion through the basement membrane.
Adenocarcinoma: Invasion through the basement membrane.
What is squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus?
Associated with alcohol and smoking.
Mid/lower oesophagus.
Invasion into the submucosa.
What is this?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
What is this?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
What is the prognosis of oesophageal carcinoma?
Prognosis poor
Diagnosis of pre-invasive stage important
What is gastritis?
Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
- Acute gastritis: Acute insult
- Chronic gastritis: Chronic/persistent insult
What is this?
Gastritis