Antimicrobial Agents 2 Flashcards
What are broad spectrum antibiotics good for?
An optimal initial choice for nosocomial pneumonia and severe sepsis.
What are some things which can be used to help identify the pathogen?
Gram stain:
CSF
Joint aspirate
Pus
Rapid antigen detection
Immunofluorescence
PCR
When is each route of antibiotic administration appropriate?
IV - Serious (or deep-seated) infection.
PO - Usually easy, but avoid if poor GI function or vomiting. Different classes of antimicrobial have different oral bioavailabilities.
IM - Not an option for long-term use. Avoid if bleeding tendency or drug is locally irritant.
Topical - Limited application and may cause local sensitisation.
When is it recommended to switch from IV to PO?
Recommended in hospital for most infections if the patient has stabilised after 48 hours IV therapy
What are the three patterns of activity for antibiotics?
Type I - Concentration-dependent killing and prolonged persistent effects
Type II - Time-dependent killing and minimal persistent effects
Type III - Time-dependent killing and moderate to prolonged persistent effects.
What are the Type I antibiotics?
Aminoglycosides
Daptomycin
Fluoroquinolones
Ketolides
What is the goal of Type I antibiotics?
Maximize concentrations
What are the Type II antibiotics?
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins
Erythromycin
Linezolid
Penicillins
What is the goal of Type II antibiotics?
Maximize duration of exposure
What are the Type III antibiotics?
Azithromycin
Clindamycin
Oxazolidinones
Tetracyclines
Vancomycin
What is the goal of Type III antibiotics?
Maximize amount of drug
What is the recommended length for a course of antibiotics for N. meningitidis meningitis?
7 days
What is the recommended length for a course of antibiotics for Acute osteomyelitis (adult)?
6 weeks
What is the recommended length for a course of antibiotics for bacterial endocarditis?
4-6 weeks
What is the recommended length for a course of antibiotics for Gp A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
10 days