Fundamentals of Histopathology Flashcards
What are neutrophils associated with?
Acute inflammation e.g.
Acute appendicitis
Acute pericarditis
Acute gastritis etc.
What types of cells are associated with chronic inflammation?
Lymphocytes and plasma cells.
Conditions include:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lymphomas
When can you have both neutrophils and lymphocytes in a histology slide?
For conditions such as UC which are chronic but you can get acute flare ups
What are eosinophils associated with?
Allergies and parasites
What are allergies in the liver usually associated with?
Drugs
What can eosinophils in rectal biopsy indicate?
Cow’s milk allergy in children
Which tumours can result in a large number of eosinophils?
Hodgkins Lymphoma
What does eosinophilic oesophagitis indicate?
Food allergy
What is the function of mast cells?
Histamine production
Also allergies
What do macrophages indicate?
Late acute inflammation and chronic inflammation
They clean up the mess left by the neutrophils
What can macrophages result in?
Granulomas (organised collection activated macrophages)
Usually phagocytic, but once activated, macrophages turn secretory and gain more cytoplasm
How can you tell if a sputum sample is a sputum sample or a mouth rinse?
Sputum will contain macrophages
What do macrophages look like on a histology slide?
Can be differentiated by black spots
What is this?
The white patches represent TB
What test do you do for TB?
Ziehl-Neelsen staining
What are the different types of carcinomas and how can they be differentiated?
Squamous cell carcinoma - Keratin production, intercellular bridges
Adenocarcinomas - Mucin production, glands
Transitional cell carcinomas
What are these?
Intracellular bridges
What is this?
SCC
What are some sites of origin for squamous cancers?
Skin
Head and neck
Oesophagus
Anus
Cervix
Vagina
What is this?
Melanoma - note the dark patches
In advanced melanoma, it stops producing melanin
What are hisochemical stains good for?
To identfy antibodies present
What could this be?
Melanoma
What is this stain and what is it showing?
Prussian Blue Iron Stain
Haemochromostasis
What are the two stains which can be used to identify amyloid tissue?
Congo red
Apple green birefringence
What is this and what is it a marker for?
Cytokeratin
Epithelial marker
What is this and what is it a marker for?
CD45
Lymphoid marker
