Neurodegeneration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neuropathology of AD?

A

Extracellular plaques

Neurofibrillary tangles

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)

Neuronal loss (cerebral atrophy)

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2
Q

What is this?

A

Senile plaques

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3
Q

What is this?

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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4
Q

What is this?

A

Tau immunostaining

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5
Q

Which drug for Alzheimer’s has not yet been approved?

A

Aducanumab

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Locus classicus

Low pigmented substantia nigra - Parkinson’s

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Lewy Body

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8
Q

What is this?

A

Lewy Body

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Lewy Body

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10
Q

What is the pathology of α-synuclein?

A

Polymeropoulos in 1997 found that mutations in the α-synuclein gene can result in PD.

Spillantini reported that Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites are immunoreactive for α-synuclein.

Now α-synuclein immunostaining is considered as the diagnostic gold standard.

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11
Q

What are these?

A

α-synuclein immunostaining

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12
Q

What are these?

A

α-Syn pathology in the epicardial nerve fascicles (e, f) and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia (a, b).

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13
Q

What are causes of Parkinsonism?

A
  • Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
  • Drug-induced Parkinsonism
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy
  • Corticobasal degeneration
  • Vascular pseudoparkinsonism
  • Alzheimer’s changes
  • Fronto-temporal neurodegenerative disorders
  • 20 other disorders
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14
Q

What is this?

A

Multiple System Atrophy (MSA)

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15
Q

What is this?

A

Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD)

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16
Q

What is this?

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)

17
Q

What is this?

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)

18
Q

What are features of Pick’s Disease?

A

Fronto-temporal atrophy

Marked gliosis and neuronal loss

Balloon neurons

Tau positive Pick bodies

19
Q

What is this?

A

Tau positive Pick bodies

20
Q

What is this?

A

Tau positive Pick bodies

21
Q

What is the structure of the TAU protein?

A

Single gene on 17q21

16 exons

Alternative splicing gives rise to 6 isoforms

3R or 4R-tau (microtubule-binding domains)

Two further inserts with unknown function

Shortest form (3R/0N) foetal