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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > upper extremity - wrist & hand > Flashcards

upper extremity - wrist & hand Flashcards

1
Q

what movement is equivalent to adduction in the wrist?

A

ulnar deviation

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2
Q

what movement is equivalent to abduction in the wrist?

A

radial deviation

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3
Q

meaning of radial

A

towards the radius (lateral) side of a structure or bone

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4
Q

meaning of ulnar

A

towards the ulna (medial) side of a structure or bone

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5
Q

how many carpal bones are there?

A

8 carpal bones

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6
Q

what are the bones in the proximal row (lateral to medial)?

A
  • scaphoid bone
  • lunate bone
  • triquetrum bone
  • pisiform bone
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7
Q

what are the bones in the distal row (lateral to medial)?

A
  • trapezium bone
  • trapezoid bone
  • capitate bone
  • hamate bone
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8
Q

what does the scaphoid bone articulate with?

A
  • radius
  • capitate
  • lunate
  • trapezium
  • trapezoid
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9
Q

muscles of the hypothenar eminence

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • palmaris brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi
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10
Q

origins of abductor digiti minimi

A
  • pisiform

- tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

medial aspect of base of P1 of fifth metacarpal

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12
Q

action of abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction of 5th finger

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13
Q

origin of flexor digiti minimi

A
  • flexor retinaculum

- hamatum

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14
Q

insertion of flexor digiti minimi

A

P1 of fifth metacarpal

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15
Q

action of flexor digiti minimi

A

flexion of 5th finger

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16
Q

origin of palmaris brevis

A
  • palmar aponeurosis

- flexor retinaculum

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17
Q

insertion of palmaris brevis

A

skin on medial side of the hand

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18
Q

action of palmaris brevis

A

assists in prehension

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19
Q

origin of opponens digiti minimi

A
  • flexor retinaculum

- hook of hamatum

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20
Q

insertion of opponens digiti minimi

A

palmar aspect of 5th metacarpal

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21
Q

action of opponens digiti minimi

A

opposition of 5th digit

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22
Q

muscles of the thenar eminence

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • abductor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • adductor pollicis (transverse & oblique heads)
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23
Q

origin of flexor pollicis brevis

A
  • trapezium

- flexor retinaculum

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24
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

lateral aspect of P1 (base) of thumb

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25
Q

action of flexor pollicis brevis

A

P1 flexion

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26
Q

origin of abductor pollicis brevis

A
  • flexor retinaculum
  • scaphoid
  • trapezium
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27
Q

insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

A

lateral aspect of P1 (base) of thumb

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28
Q

action of abductor pollicis brevis

A

thumb abduction

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29
Q

origins of opponens pollicis

A
  • trapezium

- flexor retinaculum

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30
Q

insertion of opponens pollicis

A

lateral aspect of 1st metacarpal

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31
Q

actions of opponens pollicis

A
  • thumb opposition

- assists in flexion

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32
Q

origins of adductor pollicis

A 
oblique head:
- capitate
- bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
transverse head:
- palmar aspect of 3rd metacarpal
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33
Q

insertion of adductor pollicis

A

base of P1 thumb

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34
Q

action of adductor pollicis

A

thumb adduction

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35
Q

what are the dorsal hand muscles?

A

dorsal interossei

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36
Q

origin of dorsal interossei

A

metacarpals 1-5

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37
Q

insertion of dorsal interossei

A

P1 of fingers 2-4

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38
Q

actions of dorsal interossei

A
  • flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints
  • abduction of fingers
  • extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints
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39
Q

what are the palmar hand muscles?

A
  • palmar interossei

- lumbricals 1-4

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40
Q

origin of palmar interossei

A

palmar aspect of metacarpals 2, 4, 5

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41
Q

insertion of palmar interossei

A

base of P1 in digits 2, 4, 5

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42
Q

actions of palmar interossei

A
  • flexion & adduction of metacarpophalangeal joints

- extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints

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43
Q

origin of lumbrical 1

A

lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus in 2nd digit

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44
Q

insertion of lumbrical 1

A

lateral aspect of P1 in 2nd digit

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45
Q

action of lumbricals 1-4

A
  • flexion of metacarpophalangeal joints

- extension of proximal & distal intercarpal joints

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46
Q

origin of lumbrical 2

A

lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus digit 3

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47
Q

insertion of lumbrical 2

A

lateral aspect of P1 in 3rd digit

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48
Q

origin of lumbrical 3

A

medial & lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 3-4

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49
Q

insertion of lumbrical 3

A

lateral aspect of P1 in 4th digit

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50
Q

origin of lumbrical 4

A

medial & lateral aspect of flexor digitorum profundus tendons in digits 4-5

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51
Q

insertion of lumbrical 4

A

lateral aspect of P1 in 5th digit

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52
Q

origin of extensor pollicis brevis

A

posterior distal surface of radius & interosseous membrane

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53
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

dorsal aspect of P1

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54
Q

action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

P1 extension

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55
Q

origin of extensor pollicis longus

A

posterior distal surface of ulna & interosseous membrane

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56
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

dorsal aspect of P2

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57
Q

actions of extensor pollicis longus

A
  • P2 extension

- assists in wrist extension

58
Q

origin of abductor hallucis longus

A

posterior aspect of radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane

59
Q

insertion of abductor hallucis longus

A

base of 1st metacarpal (radial aspect)

60
Q

actions of abductor hallucis longus

A

thumb abduction & extension

61
Q

origin of flexor pollicis longus

A

anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane

62
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

palmar surface of P2 (thumb)

63
Q

actions of flexor pollicis longus

A
  • P1 & P2 flexion
  • thumb opposition
  • assists in wrist flexion
64
Q

origin of extensor digitorum

A

lateral epicondyle

65
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum

A

P1-P3 via tendinous expansions of 2nd-5th digits

66
Q

actions of extensor digitorum

A
  • finger extension

- assists in wrist & elbow extension

67
Q

origin of extensor indicis

A

distal posterior aspect of ulna & interosseous membrane

68
Q

insertion of extensor indicis

A

2nd digit’s tendon of extensor digitorum

69
Q

actions of extensor indicis

A
  • index finger extension

- assists in wrist extension

70
Q

origin of extensor digiti minimi

A

lateral epicondyle

71
Q

insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

P3 of pinky finger

72
Q

actions of extensor digiti minimi

A
  • pinky finger extension

- assists in wrist & elbow extension

73
Q

origin of flexor digitorum superficialis

A 
humeroulnar head: 
- medial epicondyle 
- coronoid process
radial head:
- proximal 1/2 of anterior surface of radius
74
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

palmar surface of P2 in fingers 2-5

75
Q

actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • P1 & P2 flexion

- assists in wrist & elbow flexion

76
Q

origin of flexor digitorum profundus

A

medial & anterior surface of proximal 3/4 of ulna & interosseous membrane

77
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

palmar surface of P3 in fingers 2-5

78
Q

actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • P3 flexion

- assists in wrist flexion

79
Q

origin of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

lateral epicondyle

80
Q

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

base of 5th metacarpal

81
Q

actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A
  • wrist extension
  • ulnar deviation
  • assists in elbow extension
82
Q

origin of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

supracondylar ridge of lateral epicondyle

83
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

base of 2nd metacarpal

84
Q

actions of extensor carpi radialis longus

A
  • wrist extension
  • radial deviation
  • assists in elbow extension
85
Q

origin of extenor carpi radialis brevis

A

lateral epicondyle

86
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

base of 3rd metacarpal

87
Q

actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A
  • wrist extension
  • radial deviation
  • assists in elbow extension
88
Q

origin of flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle

89
Q

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

A

base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

90
Q

actions of flexor carpi radialis

A
  • wrist flexion
  • radial deviation
  • assists in elbow flexion
91
Q

origin of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

medial epidonyle

92
Q

insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • pisiforme
  • hamate
  • base of 4th & 5th metacarpals
93
Q

actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • wrist flexion
  • ulnar deviation
  • assists in elbow flexion
94
Q

origin of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle

95
Q

insertion of palmaris longus

A
  • palmar aponeurosis
  • palmar fascia
  • palmar skin
96
Q

actions of palmaris longus

A
  • wrist flexion
  • tension in palmar fascia
  • assists in elbow flexion
97
Q

describe the lunate bone

A
  • most moveable & unstable bone of the wrist
  • rounded shape
  • poor ligament stability
  • no muscular attachment
98
Q

describe the triquetrum bone

A
  • triangular bone

- most medial/ulnar bone of the wrist

99
Q

describe the pisiform bone

A
  • pea-shaped
  • loose articulation with palmar surface of triquetrium bone
  • embedded within tendon of flexor capi ulnaris
  • attachment for abductor digiti minimi muscle
100
Q

describe the trapezium bone

A
  • articulates with scaphoid & trapezoid via 2 proximal concave surfaces
  • distal surface articulates with first metacarpal
101
Q

describe the trapezoid bone

A
  • small & trapezoid shaped
  • wedged between trapezium & capitate
  • solid articulation with base of 2nd metacarpal
102
Q

describe the capitate bone

A
  • largest carpal bone
  • articulates with trapezoid, scaphoid, lunate, hamate, & 2nd, 3rd, & 4th metcarpals
  • solid articulation with 3rd metacarpal
  • axis of motion for all wrist motions
103
Q

describe the hamate bone

A
  • hook found on palmar side that protects ulnar nerve

- articulates with capitate, triquetrum & 4th & 5th metcarapals

104
Q

what are bony landmarks of the metacarpal bones?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • base
  • shaft
  • posterior tubercle
105
Q

what are the ligaments of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • anterior (palmar) oblique
  • ulnar collateral
  • intermetacarpal
  • radial collateral
  • posterior oblique
106
Q

proximal attachment of anterior (palmar) oblique ligament

A

palmar tubercle on trapezium

107
Q

distal attachment of anterior (palmar) oblique ligament

A

palmar base of thumb metacarpal

108
Q

limits of the anterior (palmar) oblique ligament

A
  • thin & weak

- tight & pulled back in full extension

109
Q

proximal attachment of ulnar collateral ligament

A

radial side of transverse carpal ligament

110
Q

distal attachment of ulnar collateral ligament

A

palmar-ulnar base of thumb metacarpal

111
Q

limits of the ulnar collateral ligament

A

tight & pulled back in abduction & extension

112
Q

proximal attachment of intermetacarpal ligament

A

dorsal-radial base of second metacarpal

113
Q

distal attachment of intermetacarpal ligament

A

palmar-ulnar base of thumb metcarpal with ulnar collateral ligament

114
Q

limits of the intermetacarpal ligament

A

tight & pulled back in opposition, flexion, & abduction

115
Q

proximal attachment of radial collateral ligament

A

radial surface of the trapezium

116
Q

distal attachment of radial collateral ligament

A

dorsal base of thumb metacarpal (adjacent to insertion of abductor pollicis longus)

117
Q

limits of the radial collateral & posterior oblique ligaments

A
  • relatively thick & strong
  • densely populated with sensory fibres
  • tight & pulled back in opposition, flexion, & abduction
  • prime stabilizer for opposed carpometacarpal joint
118
Q

proximal attachment of posterior oblique ligament

A

posterior-radial corner of trapezium

119
Q

distal attachment of posterior oblique ligament

A

palmar-ulnar base of thumb metacarpal

120
Q

what is the carpal tunnel

A

formed by the palmar surface of the wrist being concave & covered by transverse ligaments

121
Q

structures within the carpal tunnel

A
  • median nerve
  • muscle tendons
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • Guyon’s canal
122
Q

which muscles for the tendons located in the carpal tunnel belong to?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor digitorum profundus
123
Q

where is the flexor carpi radialis located in the carpal tunnel?

A

between deep & superficial layers of the flexor retinaculum

124
Q

what is Guyon’s canal?

A

a small compartment found superficially to the tunnel on its medial aspect

125
Q

what are the functions of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?

A
  • primary stabilizer of distal radio-ulnar joint
  • reinforces ulnar side of wrist
  • forms part of the concavity of radiocarpal joint
  • helps transfer part of the compression forces naturally cross bending the forearm
126
Q

total compression force of triangular fibrocartilage complex to the

A

20% out of the total crossing the wrist passing through the fibrocartilage disc component

127
Q

what are the movements allowed at the wrist?

A
  • flexion/extension

- radial/ulnar deviation

128
Q

what are the joints of the wrist?

A
  • radiocarpal joint
  • midcarpal joint
  • intercarpal joint
128
Q

what are the joints of the wrist?

A
  • radiocarpal joint
  • midcarpal joint
  • intercarpal joint
129
Q

bones articulating in radiocarpal joint

A
  • radius & triangular fibrocartilage joint with scaphoid & lunate bones
  • triquetrium & ulna make contact during ulnar deviation
130
Q

what kind of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

A

condyloid joint

131
Q

what articulates in the medial compartment of the midcarpal joint?

A

capitate & hamate bones (convex) with the scaphoid, lunate & triquetrium (concave)

132
Q

what articulates in the lateral compartment of the midcarpal joint?

A

distal pole of scaphoid (convex) with trapzoium & trapezoid bones (concave)

133
Q

direction of movement in midcarpal joint

A

medial to lateral

134
Q

what kind of joint is the midcarpal joint?

A

bicondyloid joint

135
Q

how many intercarpal joints are there?

A

13 joints

136
Q

what are the possible shapes for intercarpal joints?

A
  • flat
  • convex
  • concave
137
Q

movements allowed by intercarpal joints

A
  • gliding

- small rotatory motions

138
Q

what kind of joint are the intercarpal joints?

A

planar joints

139
Q

what nerve is compressed by flexor retinaculum in the carpal tunnel?

A

the median nerve

140
Q

what kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints

A

hinge joints

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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