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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > basic terminology & principles > Flashcards

basic terminology & principles Flashcards

1
Q

meaning of superior

A

upwards

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2
Q

meaning of cranial

A

towards the head

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3
Q

meaning of inferior

A

downwards

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4
Q

meaning of caudal

A

towards the feet

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5
Q

meaning of lateral

A

away from the body’s midline

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6
Q

meaning of medial

A

towards the body’s midline

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7
Q

meaning of posterior

A

towards the back of the body

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8
Q

meaning of anterior

A

towards the front of the body

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9
Q

meaning of proximal

A

towards the origin of the limb

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10
Q

meaning of distal

A

towards the extremity of the limb

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11
Q

meaning of deep

A

away from the surface of the body/limb

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12
Q

meaning of superficial

A

towards the surface of the body/limb

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13
Q

what is the action of flexion?

A

a decrease in joint angle between two bone segments

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14
Q

what is the action of extension?

A

an increase in joint angle between two bone segments

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15
Q

what is hyperextension?

A

an uncommon posterior extension that is beyond the anatomical position

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16
Q

what is the action of abduction?

A

when the bone moves away from the midline in the frontal plane

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17
Q

what is the action of adduction

A

when the bone moves towards the midline in the frontal plane

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18
Q

what is the action of medial rotation?

A

when the anterior aspect of the bone rotates towards the midline around the longitudinal axis

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19
Q

what is the action of lateral rotation?

A

when the anterior aspect of the bone rotates away from the midline around the longitudinal axis

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20
Q

what is the action of circumduction?

A

a combination of all fundamental motions to create a circle with a segment

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21
Q

what is the action of shoulder elevation?

A

upward motions of a joint

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22
Q

what is the action of shoulder depression?

A

downward motion of a joint

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23
Q

what is the action of protraction?

A

forward movement of a bone in the transverse plane

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24
Q

what is the action of retraction?

A

posterior movement of a bone in the transverse plane

25
Q

what is the action of retraction?

A

posterior movement of a bone in the transverse plane

26
Q

what is the action of inversion?

A

ankle movement involving the sole of the foot to face medially

27
Q

what is the action of eversion?

A

ankle movement involving the sole of the foot to face laterally

28
Q

what is the action of dorsiflexion?

A

ankle movement involving the dorsum of the foot to move towards the anterior aspect of the lower leg

29
Q

what is the action of plantar flexion?

A

ankle movement involving the plantar aspect of the foot to move towards the posterior aspect of the lower leg

30
Q

what is the action of supination?

A

external rotation of the forearm

31
Q

what is the action of pronation

A

internal rotation of the forearm

32
Q

what is the action of oppostion?

A

motion that involves the thumb to move towards the pinky finger

33
Q

what is the action of horizontal abduction?

A

movement involving bone to move away from the midline in the transverse plane

34
Q

what is the action of horizontal adduction?

A

movement involving bone to move towards the midline in the transverse plane

35
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

starting position in which we study the human body;

position is standing upright & facing forward with palms supinated

36
Q

what are the planes of the body?

A

sagittal, frontal, & transverse planes

37
Q

what is the sagittal plane?

A

divides the body from left & right

38
Q

what is the frontal plane?

A

divides the body anteriorly & posteriorly

39
Q

what is the transverse plane?

A

divides the body between top & bottom

40
Q

what are the axes of the body?

A

longitudinal, frontal, & sagittal axes

41
Q

what is the longitudinal axis?

A

moves the body in the transverse plane

42
Q

what is the frontal axis?

A

moves the body in the sagittal plane

43
Q

what is the sagittal axis?

A

moves the body in the frontal plane

44
Q

what is another name for the sagittal plane?

A

the anteroposterior plane

45
Q

what is another name for the frontal plane?

A

the coronal plane

46
Q

what are other names for the transverse plane?

A

the horizontal or axial plane

47
Q

what is the midsagittal plane?

A

the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left & right portions

48
Q

what is another name for the midsagittal plane?

A

the median plane

49
Q

what is the parasagittal plane?

A

any sagittal plane dividing the body into unequal left & right portions

50
Q

what are other names for the frontal axis?

A

the mediolateral or transverse axis

51
Q

what is another name for the sagittal axis?

A

the anteroposterior axis

52
Q

what are other names for the longitudinal axis?

A

the vertical or proximodistal axis

53
Q

meaning of unilateral

A

a structure that occurs on one side

54
Q

meaning of bilateral

A

paired structures having right & left members

55
Q

meaning of ipsilateral

A

occurring on the same side of the body

56
Q

meaning of contralateral

A

occurring on the opposing side of the body

57
Q

what actions occur in the sagittal plane & frontal axis

A

flexion/extension

58
Q

what actions occur in the frontal plane & sagittal axis?

A

abduction/adduction;
side flexion;
inversion/eversion

59
Q

what actions occur in the transverse plane & longitudinal axis?

A

internal/external rotation;
horizontal flexion/extension;
supination/pronation

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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