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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > lower extremity - muscles > Flashcards

lower extremity - muscles Flashcards

1
Q

what are the hip flexor muscles?

A
  • iliacus
  • psoas major & minor
  • tensor fasica lata
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
  • adductor brevis & magnus
  • pectineus
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2
Q

what three muscles are part of the iliopsoas?

A
  1. iliacus
  2. psoas major
  3. psoas minor
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3
Q

origins of iliacus

A
  • superior 2/3 of iliac fossa
  • iliac crest
  • sacral ala
  • anterior sacroiliac ligament
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4
Q

insertion of iliacus

A

lesser trochanter

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5
Q

action of iliacus

A

hip flexion

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6
Q

origins of psoas major

A

T12-L5:

  • transverse processes
  • vertebral bodies
  • invertebral discs
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7
Q

insertionof of psoas major

A

lesser trochanter

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8
Q

actions of of psoas major

A
  • fixation point: trunk & lower extremity
  • hip flexion
  • aids in lordosis
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9
Q

origin of psoas minor

A

T12-L1 vertebral bodies

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10
Q

insertion of psoas minor

A

pectineal line of pubis

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11
Q

actions of psoas minor

A
  • weak trunk flexion

- posterior pelvic tilt

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12
Q

origins of tensor fascia lata

A
  • anterior superior iliac spine

- iliac crest (anterior)

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13
Q

insertions of tensor fascia lata

A
  • iliotibial band

- tibial Gerdy’s tubercle

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14
Q

actions of tensor fascia lata

A
  • abduction
  • internal rotation
  • hip flexion
  • maintains knee extension
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15
Q

origin of sartorius

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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16
Q

insertion of sartorius

A

superior aspect of medial proximal aspect of tibia (underneath medial condyle)

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17
Q

actions of sartorius

A
  • external hip rotation
  • hip abduction
  • hip & knee flexion
  • internal knee rotation
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18
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A

anterior superior iliac spine

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19
Q

insertion of rectus femoris

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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20
Q

actions of rectus femoris

A
  • hip flexion

- knee extension

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21
Q

what are the hip extensor muscles?

A
  • gluteus maximius

- hamstring muscles

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22
Q

origins of gluteus maximus

A
  • ilium behind posterior gluteal line
  • dorsal aspect of sacrum & coccyx
  • sacrotuberous ligament
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23
Q

insertion of gluteus maximis

A

iliotibial band

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24
Q

actions of gluteus maximis

A
  • hip extension
  • hip abduction
  • external hip rotation
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25
Q

what are the hamstring muscles?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
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26
Q

origins of biceps femoris

A 
long head:
- ischial tuberosity
short head:
- linea aspera
- supracondylar line
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27
Q

insertion of biceps femoris

A

lateral side of fibular head

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28
Q

actions of biceps femoris

A
  • hip extension
  • external hip & knee rotation
  • knee flexion
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29
Q

origin of semimembranosus & semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity

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30
Q

insertion of semimembranosus

A

posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

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31
Q

actions of semimembranosus

A
  • hip extension
  • internal hip rotation
  • knee flexion
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32
Q

insertion of semitendinosus

A

superior & medial aspect of tibia (just inferior to medial condyle)

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33
Q

actions of semitendinosus

A
  • hip extension
  • internal hip & knee rotation
  • knee flexion
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34
Q

what are the hip abductor muscles?

A
  • gluteus maximus, medius & minimus
  • tensor fascia lata
  • sartorius
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35
Q

origin of gluteus medius

A

ilium between anterior & posterior gluteal lines

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36
Q

insertion of gluteus medius

A

lateral aspect of greater trochanter

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37
Q

actions of gluteus medius & gluteus minimus

A
  • hip abduction
  • internal hip rotation
  • pelvic stability
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38
Q

origin of gluteus minimus

A
  • ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
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39
Q

insertion of gluteus minimus

A

anterior aspect of greater trochanter

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40
Q

what are the hip adductor muscles?

A
  • adductor brevis, magnus, & longus
  • pectineus
  • gracilis
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41
Q

origins of adductor brevis

A
  • body of pubis

- inferior branch of pubis

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42
Q

insertions of adductor brevis

A
  • pectineal line of linea aspera

- proximal aspect of linea aspera

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43
Q

actions of adductor brevis & adductor longus

A
  • hip adduction
  • hip flexion
  • internal hip rotation
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44
Q

origins of adductor magnus

A
  • inferior branch of pubis

- inferior branch of ischium

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45
Q

insertions of adductor magnus

A
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • linea aspera
  • supracondylar line of femur
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46
Q

origin of adductor longus

A

body of pubis

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47
Q

insertion of adductor longus

A

middle 1/3 of linea aspera

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48
Q

actions of adductor longus

A
  • hip adduction

- internal hip rotation

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49
Q

origin of pectineus

A

superior branch of pubis

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50
Q

insertion of pectineus

A

pectineal line of femur

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51
Q

actions of pectineus

A
  • hip adduction

- hip flexion

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52
Q

origins of gracilis

A
  • body of pubis

- inferior branch of pubis

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53
Q

insertion of gracilis

A

superior aspect of medial side of tibia

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54
Q

actions of gracilis

A
  • hip adduction
  • internal hip & knee rotation
  • assists in knee flexion
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55
Q

what is the trendenlenburg sign in the pelvis?

A
  • lowering of the contralateral side of the pelvis when in unipodal stance
  • weak abductor muscles on the stance side
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56
Q

origins of piriformis

A
  • anterior surface of sacrum

- sacrotuberous ligament

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57
Q

insertion of piriformis

A

superior aspect of greater trochanter

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58
Q

actions of piriformis & obturator internus

A
  • external hip rotation

- hip abduction

59
Q

origin of obturator internus

A

internal aspect of obturator membrane

60
Q

insertion of obturator internus

A

medial aspect of greater trochanter

61
Q

origin of quadratus femoris

A

lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity

62
Q

insertion of quadratus femoris

A

intertrochanteric crest

63
Q

actions of quadratus femoris, superior gemellus, & inferior gemellus

A

external rotation

64
Q

origin of superior gemellus

A

lateral aspect of ischiatic spine

65
Q

insertion of superior & inferior gemellus

A

medial aspect of greater trochanter

66
Q

origin of inferior gemellus

A

ischial tuberosity

67
Q

origin of obturator externus

A

external aspect of obturator foramen

68
Q

insertion of obturator externus

A

trochanteric fossa

69
Q

actions of obturator externus

A
  • external hip rotation

- hip abduction

70
Q

origins of popliteus

A
  • lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

- lateral meniscus

71
Q

insertion of popliteus

A

posterior aspect of tibia above soleal line

72
Q

actions of popliteus

A
  • internal knee rotation when knee is in flexion
  • unlocks the knee
  • an accessory in knee flexion
73
Q

origins of gastrocnemius

A

lateral head:
- lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial head:
- popliteal surface above medial condyle of femur

74
Q

insertion of popliteus

A

posterior aspect of calcaneus via Achilles’ tendon

75
Q

actions of popliteus

A
  • knee flexion

- plantar flexion in ankle

76
Q

origin of plantaris

A

inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of femur

77
Q

insertion of plantaris & soleus

A

posterior aspect of calcaneus via Achilles’ tendon

78
Q

action of plantaris

A

weak assistance to gastrocnemius muscle

79
Q

origin of vastus intermedius

A

anterolateral aspect of femoral shaft

80
Q

origin of vastus lateralis

A
  • greater trochanter

- lateral lip of linea aspera

81
Q

origin of vastus medialis

A
  • intertrochanteric line

- lateral lip of linea aspera

82
Q

insertion of vastus lateralis, intermedius, & medialis

A

tibial tuberosityvia patellar ligament

83
Q

action of vastus lateralis, intermedius, & medialis

A

knee extension

84
Q

origins of tibialis anterior

A
  • anterolateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle

- interosseus membrane

85
Q

insertions of tibialis anterior

A
  • medial cuneiform

- 1st metatarsal

86
Q

actions of tibialis anterior

A
  • ankle dorsiflexion

- ankle inversion

87
Q

origins of extensor hallucis longus

A
  • anterior aspect of fibula

- interosseous membrane

88
Q

insertion of extensor hallucis longus

A

dorsal aspect of P1 of the hallux (big toe)

89
Q

actions of extensor hallucis longus

A
  • ankle dorsiflexion
  • ankle inversion
  • hallux (big toe) extension
90
Q

origins of extensor digitorum longus

A
  • lateral tibial condyle
  • anterior proximal 3/4 of interosseous membrane
  • anterior proximal 3/4 of fibula
91
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum longus

A

dorsal aspect of P2 & P3 of toes 2-5

92
Q

actions of extensor digitorum longus

A
  • ankle dorsiflexion
  • ankle eversion
  • extension in toes 2-5
93
Q

origins of fibularis longus

A
  • head of fibula

- proximal 2/3 of fibula

94
Q

insertion of fibularis longus

A

plantar aspect of 1st metatarsal

95
Q

actions of fibularis longus & brevis

A
  • ankle eversion

- accessory in ankle plantar flexion

96
Q

origin of fibularis brevis

A

distal 2/3 of lateral aspect of fibula

97
Q

insertion of fibularis brevis

A

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

98
Q

origins of fibularis tertius

A
  • distal 1/3 of anterior aspect of fibula

- anterior surface of interosseous membrane

99
Q

insertion of fibularis tertius

A

dorsal aspect of base of 5th metatarsal

100
Q

actions of fibularis tertius

A
  • ankle eversion

- ankle dorsiflexion

101
Q

origins of soleus

A
  • posterior aspect of head of fibula & proximal 1/4

- soleal line of tibia

102
Q

action of soleus

A

ankle plantar flexion

103
Q

origin of tibialis posterior

A

posterior aspect of tibia underneath the soleal line

104
Q

insertions of tibialis posterior

A
  • navicular tuberosity
  • cuneiform bones
  • cuboid bone
  • base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
105
Q

actions of tibialis posterior

A
  • ankle plantar flexion

- ankle inversion

106
Q

origin of flexor digitorum longus

A

posteromedial aspect of tibia underneath the soleal line

107
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

plantar aspect of P3 in toes 2-5

108
Q

actions of flexor digitorum longus

A
  • ankle plantar flexion
  • ankle inversion
  • toe flexion
109
Q

origins of flexor hallucis longus

A
  • posterior 2/3 of fibula

- posterior 2/3 of interosseous membrane

110
Q

insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

plantar aspect of P2 of hallux

111
Q

actions of flexor hallucis longus

A
  • ankle plantar flexion
  • ankle inversion
  • hallux flexion
112
Q

origins of extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis

A
  • superior aspect of calcaneum

- extensor retinaculum

113
Q

insertion of extensor digitorum brevis

A

tendons of extensor digitorum longus

114
Q

action of extensor digitorum brevis

A

toe extension

115
Q

insertion of extensor hallucis brevis

A

dorsal aspect of P1 base in hallux

116
Q

action of extensor hallucis brevis

A

extension in hallux

117
Q

origin of dorsal interossei

A

1st-5th metatarsals

118
Q

insertion of dorsal interossei

A

P1 in 2nd-4th toes

119
Q

actions of dorsal interossei

A
  • toe extension

- abduction of 2nd-4th toes

120
Q

origins of abductor digiti minimi, abductor hallucis, & flexor digitorum brevis

A
  • plantar aspect of calcaneum

- plantar aponeurosis

121
Q

insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

lateral aspect base of P1 5th toe

122
Q

actions of abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction of 5th toe

123
Q

insertion of abductor hallucis

A

medial aspect of P1 base of big toe

124
Q

actions of abductor hallucis

A

bie toe abduction

125
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum brevis

A

either side of P2 in 2nd-5th toes

126
Q

action of flexor digitorum brevis

A

toe flexion

127
Q

origin of quadratus plantae

A

plantar aspect of calcaneus

128
Q

insertion of quadratus plantae

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

129
Q

action of quadratus plantae

A

toe flexion

130
Q

origin of lumbricals

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

131
Q

insertion of lumbricals

A

tendons of extensor digitorum longus

132
Q

action of lumbricals

A

2nd-5th toe extension

133
Q

origins of adductor hallucis

A

oblique head:
- base of 2nd-4th metatarsals
transverse head:
- metarsopholangeal ligament of toes 3-5

134
Q

insertion of adductor hallucis

A

lateral aspect of P1 base of hallux

135
Q

action of adductor hallucis

A

big toe adduction

136
Q

origin of flexor hallucis brevis

A
  • plantar aspect of cuboid

- plantar aspect of lateral cuneiform

137
Q

insertion of flexor hallucis brevis

A

either side of P1 base in hallux

138
Q

action of flexor hallucis brevis

A

big toe flexion

139
Q

origin of flexor digiti minimi

A

base of 5th metatarsal

140
Q

insertion of flexor digiti minimi

A

either side of P1 base in 2nd-5th toes

141
Q

action of flexor digiti minimi

A

toe flexion

142
Q

origin of plantar interossei

A

base & medial aspect of 3rd-5th metatarsals

143
Q

insertion of plantar interossei

A

medial asepct of P1 base in 3rd-5th toes

144
Q

actions of plantar interossei

A
  • adduction in 3rd-5th toes

- toe extension

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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