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APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy > upper extremity - shoulder complex > Flashcards

upper extremity - shoulder complex Flashcards

1
Q

how does the shoulder girdle attach onto the thorax?

A

sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints

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2
Q

attachment through sternoclavicular joint onto thorax

A

this is the only true attachment of the entire upper body onto the thorax

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3
Q

what does the shoulder girdle consist of?

A

2 clavicles and 2 scapulae on on either side of the body

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4
Q

role of the shoulder girdle?

A

provides stability & mobility for muscles of the glenohumeral joints

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5
Q

what does the clavicle articulate with?

A

the manubrium of the sternum & the acromion of the scapula

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6
Q

how does the clavicle articulate with the manubrium?

A

through the sternoclavicular joint

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7
Q

what kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

a saddle joint

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8
Q

movements allowed by the sternoclavicular joint

A

elevation/depression;
protraction/retraction;
anterior/posterior rotation along frontal axis in sagittal plane

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9
Q

how does the clavicle articulate with the acromion?

A

through the acromioclavicular joint

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10
Q

what kind of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

a planar joint

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11
Q

movements allowed by the acromioclavicular joint

A

gliding in all directions to assist sternoclavicular & scapulothoracic joints in providing mobility to glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

what is the clavicle’s purpose?

A

serves as attachments for multiple muscles & ligaments of the upper extremity

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13
Q

what does the scapula articulate with?

A

with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

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14
Q

what does the scapula come into contact with?

A

the posterior aspect of the rib cage

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15
Q

what is the scapula’s purpose?

A

serves as a muscle attachment site for many of the shoulder joints muscles

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16
Q

what are the specific motions of the scapula?

A 
upward/downward rotations;
internal/external rotations;
anterior/posterior tilts;
elevation/depression;
abduction/adduction
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17
Q

what stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior & posterior sternoclavicular ligaments;
articular disc;
interclavicular ligaments;
anterior/posterior costoclavicular ligament

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18
Q

what are the movements allowed by the sternoclavicular joint?

A

elevation/depression;
protraction/retraction;
anterior/posterior rotation

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19
Q

what is the range of motion for elevation/depression in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

elevation: 35°-45°
depression: 10°

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20
Q

what is the range of motion for protraction/retraction in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

15°-30° for both protraction & retraction

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21
Q

what is the range of motion for anterior/posterior rotation in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

anterior rotation: N/A

posterior rotation: 20°-35°

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22
Q

what stabilizes the acromioclavicular joint?

A

presence of a disc;
acromioclavicular ligaments;
coracoacromial ligaments;
coracoclavicular ligaments

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23
Q

what are the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

conoid (medial) and trapezoid (lateral) ligaments

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24
Q

what joints does the shoulder complex depend on?

A
  1. glenohumeral joint
  2. sternoclavicular joint
  3. acromioclavicular joint
  4. scapulothoracic joint
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25
Q

what does the latissimus dorsi attach onto?

A

iliac crest & thoracolumbar fascia

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26
Q

what are the ligaments found in the glenohumeral joint?

A

superior, middle, & inferior glenohumeral ligaments & the coracohumeral ligament

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27
Q

does the glenohumeral joint provide stability or mobility?

A

mobility

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28
Q

distal attachments for superior glenohumeral ligament

A

anatomic neck;

above lesser tubercle

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29
Q

primary motions of superior glenohumeral ligament

A

external rotation; inferior/anterior translations of humeral head

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30
Q

distal attachments for middle glenohumeral ligament

A

along anterior aspect of anatomic neck & blends with subscapularis tendon

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31
Q

primary motions of middle glenohumeral ligament

A

external rotation;

anterior translation of humeral head in 45°-90° of abduction

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32
Q

distal attachment for inferior glenohumeral ligament

A

broad sheet to the anterior-inferior/posterior-inferior margins of anatomic neck

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33
Q

what are the three parts of the inferior glenohumeral ligament?

A
  1. axillary pouch
  2. anterior band
  3. posterior band
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34
Q

primary motion of axillary pouch of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint

A

90° of abduction &

anterior/posterior & inferior translations

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35
Q

primary motion of anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint

A

90° of abduction;
full external rotation;
anterior translation of humeral head

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36
Q

primary motion of posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the glenohumeral joint

A

90° of abduction & full internal rotation

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37
Q

distal attachment for coracohumeral ligament in glenohumeral joint

A

anterior side of tubercle;

blends with superior capsule & supraspinatus tendon

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38
Q

primary motion of coracohumeral ligament in glenohumeral joint

A

external rotation & inferior translation of humeral head

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39
Q

what is the range of motion for flexion/extension in the glenohumeral joint?

A

flexion: 180°
extension: 65°

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40
Q

what is the range of motion for abduction/adduction in the glenohumeral joint?

A

abduction: 180°
adduction: 50°-75°

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41
Q

what is the range of motion for internal/external rotation in the glenohumeral joint?

A

internal rotation: 75°-85°

external rotation: 60°-90°

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42
Q

what muscles have significant action on the scapulothoracic joint?

A

elevators, depressors, protractors, retractors, & upward/downward rotators

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43
Q

what are the elevator muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

upper trapezius;
levator scapulae;
major/minor rhomboids

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44
Q

what are the depressor muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

lower trapezius;
latissimus dorsi;
pectoralis minor;
subclavius

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45
Q

what is the protractor muscle of the shoulder girdle?

A

serratus anterior

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46
Q

what are the retractor muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

middle trapezius;
major/minor rhomboids;
lower trapezius

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47
Q

what are the upward rotator muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

serratus anterior & the upper/lower trapezius

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48
Q

what are the downward rotator muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

major rhomboid & pectoralis minor

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49
Q

origin of upper trapezius

A

external occipital protuberance;
ligamentum nuchae;
spinous processes of C2-C7

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50
Q

insertion of upper trapezius

A

acromion and clavicle

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51
Q

actions of upper trapezius

A

elevation & upper rotation of scapula; elevation, posterior rotation, & retraction of clavicle

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52
Q

origin of levator scapulae

A

transverse processes of C1-C4

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53
Q

insertion of levator scapulae

A

superior angle of scapula

54
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

elevation of scapula

55
Q

origin of rhomboid minor

A

spinous processes of C7-T1

56
Q

insertion of rhomboid minor

A

medial border of scapular spine

57
Q

actions of rhomboid minor

A

retraction and elevation of scapula

58
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-T5

59
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

spinous processes of T2-T5

60
Q

insertion of rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapular spine

61
Q

actions of rhomboid major

A

retraction & elevation of scapula

62
Q

origin of lower trapezius

A

spinous processes of T4-T12

63
Q

insertion of lower trapezius

A

spine of scapula

64
Q

actions of lower trapezius

A

retraction, depression, & upward rotation of scapula

65
Q

origins of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous processes of T6-L5;
ribs 10-12;
iliac crest (via thoracolumbar aponeurosis)

66
Q

insertions of latissimus dorsi

A

inferior angle of scapula;

medial border of intertubercular groove (humerus)

67
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi

A

depression of scapula;

extension, adduction, & internal rotation of humerus

68
Q

origin of serratus anterior

A

ribs 8-9

69
Q

insertion of serratus anterior

A

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

70
Q

actions of serratus anterior

A

protraction & upward rotation

71
Q

what is the purpose of the actions for the serratus anterior muscle?

A

maintains the scapula is in contact with thoracic wall

72
Q

origin of pectoralis minor

A

anterior surface of ribs 3-5

73
Q

insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process of scapula

74
Q

actions of pectoralis minor

A

protraction & downward rotation

75
Q

origin of middle trapezius

A

spinous processes of C7-T4

76
Q

insertion of middle trapezius

A

acromion & spine of scapula

77
Q

actions of middle trapezius

A

retraction & upward rotation of scapula

78
Q

which muscles act on the clavicle?

A

upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, & subclavius

79
Q

origin of subclavius

A

1st rib

80
Q

insertion of subclavius

A

inferior surface of clavicle (subclavian groove)

81
Q

action of subclavius

A

depression & protraction of the clavicle

82
Q

what are the types of muscles found in the shoulder?

A

flexors/extensors, abductors/adductors, external/internal rotators, & rotator cuff muscles

83
Q

origins of pectoralis major

A

medial 1/3 of clavicle;
sternum;
cartilage of ribs 1-7

84
Q

insertion of pectoralis major

A

lateral border of intertubercular groove

85
Q

actions of pectoralis major

A

flexion, adduction, internal rotation, & horizontal adduction of the shoulder; depression & protraction of clavicle

86
Q

origin of anterior deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

87
Q

insertion of anterior deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity

88
Q

actions of anterior deltoid

A

flexion, internal rotation, & horizontal adduction of the shoulder; depression of clavicle

89
Q

origin of biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle (on labrum)

90
Q

insertion of biceps brachii

A

radial tuberosity & biceps aponeurosis

91
Q

actions of biceps brachii

A

flexion & abduction of the shoulder; flexion & supination in forearm

92
Q

origin of coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapula

93
Q

insertion of coracobrachialis

A

anteromedial surface of humeral distal to crest of lesser tubercle

94
Q

actions of coracobrachialis

A

flexion & adduction of the shoulder

95
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

A

spinous processes of T6-L5;
ribs 10-12;
iliac crest via thoracolumbar aponeurosis

96
Q

insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

inferior angle of scapula;

medial border of intertubercular groove

97
Q

actions of latissimus dorsi

A

depression of scapula;

extension, adduction, & internal rotation of humerus

98
Q

origin of teres major

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

99
Q

insertion of teres major

A

medial border of intertubercular groove

100
Q

actions of teres major

A

extension, adduction & internal rotation of humerus

101
Q

origin of triceps brachii

A

infraglenoid tubercle

102
Q

insertion of triceps brachii

A

olecranon (ulna)

103
Q

actions of triceps brachii

A

elbow extension;

extension & adduction of shoulder

104
Q

origin of posterior deltoid

A

inferior border of scapular spine

105
Q

insertion of posterior deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity

106
Q

actions of posterior deltoid

A

extension & external rotation of the shoulder

107
Q

origin of middle deltoid

A

lateral border of acromion

108
Q

insertion of middle deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity

109
Q

action of middle deltoid

A

abduction of the shoulder

110
Q

origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of the scapula

111
Q

insertion of supraspinatus

A

superior portion of the greater tubercle

112
Q

actions of supraspinatus

A

first 15° degrees of abduction;

external rotation in shoulder

113
Q

origin of teres minor

A

lateral border of posterior surface of scapula

114
Q

insertion of teres minor

A

greater tubercle

115
Q

actions of teres minor

A

lateral rotation of shoulder

116
Q

origin of infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

117
Q

insertion of infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle

118
Q

actions of infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation of shoulder

119
Q

origin of subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa (anterior face of scapula)

120
Q

insertion of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle

121
Q

actions of subscapularis

A

medial rotation & adduction of the shoulder

122
Q

which muscles are part of the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

123
Q

stabilizing action of supraspinatus at glenohumeral joint

A

compresses humeral head against glenoid fossa;

restricts superior translation of humerus

124
Q

stabilizing action of infraspinatus at glenohumeral joint

A

exerts a depressive force on the humeral head

125
Q

stabilizing action of teres minor at glenohumeral joint

A

exerts a depressive force on the humeral head

126
Q

stabilizing action of subscapularis at glenohumeral joint

A

exerts a depressive force on the humeral head

127
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of reduced activation of serratus anterior, middle, & lower trapezius

A

reduced upward rotation, posterior tilt, & external rotation of scapula

128
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of excessive activation of upper trapezius

A

reduced posterior rotation of the clavicle

129
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of reduced activation/degeneration of rotator cuff muscles

A

excessive superior migration of humeral head during abduction/flexion;
reduced external rotation of glenohumeral joint during abduction/flexion

130
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of tightness of posterior capsule of glenoidhumeral joint & posterior rotator cuff muscles

A

abnormal position of humeral head relative to glenoid fossa;
excessive internal rotation of scapula

131
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of tightness of pectoralis minor or short head of biceps

A

excessive internal rotation or anterior tilt of scapula

132
Q

associated adverse kinematic effect of excessive thoracic kyphosis

A

excessive internal/anterior tilt &

reduced upward rotation of scapula

APA1313 - Musculoskeletal Anatomy (13 decks)

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