Upper Extremity Osteology

Question 1

Greenstick fracture

Answer 1

Incomplete Fracture of the clavicle; often seen in younger children

Question 2

Where is the most common fracture site on humerus?

Answer 2

Surgical neck

-greater tubercle also susceptible to allusion by supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor Ms

Question 3

Where is the groove for the ulnar nerve located?

Answer 3

On humerus between medial humeral epicondyle and trochlea

Question 4

What results in avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle?

Answer 4

Severe abduction of the extended elbow

Question 5

Fractured elbow

Answer 5

Fracture of the olecranon

• most common in cases of falling because of forceful nature of triceps brachii m
• is considered an avulsion fracture and difficult to repair

Question 6

Colle’s Fracture

Answer 6

Fractures of distal end of radius (from breaking falls)

-styloid process of ulna is often also avulsion in this situation

Question 7

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 7

Scaphoid

• usually the result of trying to break a fall
• often fracture not visible on radiograph; diagnosed as severe sprain
• distal fragment of bone susceptible to a vascular necrosis (separated from blood supply)

Question 8

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

Swelling of transverse carpal ligament which compresses the median nerve and produces parasthesia, anesthesia and pain

Question 9

Guyon’s canal

Answer 9

• ulnar nerve passes through guyons canal which is between pisiform and harmful us of hamate
• susceptible to compression (handle bar neuropathy)= loss of sensation and muscular weakness at 5th digit and half of 4th digit

Question 10

Which metacarpal bone has a styloid process?

Answer 10

3rd

Question 11

Boxers fracture

Answer 11

• head of 5th metacarpal is susceptible to fracture when an indiv punches something with closed fist
• breaks at its neck and angulates towards the palm creating a dorsal bump

Question 12

What is absent in the Pollux?

Answer 12

Middle phalanx

Question 13

What is the common cause of fractures of the distal phalanges

Answer 13

Fingers being closed in door because of intricate relationship between phalanges and flexor tendons bone fragments must be realigned carefully to maintain function

Question 14

Glenoid labrum tear

Answer 14

• common in individuals repeatedly throwing a ball
• usually in response to a sudden contraction of the biceps brachii M
• occurs in anterosuperior part of the labrum