Lecture 2: Back Osteology Flashcards
Long bones
Humerus/femur
Short Bones
Tarsals/ carpals, cuboidal in shape
Flat bones
Squamous skull, designed to protect the brain
Irregular bones
Facial bones, not long short or flat
Sesamoid bones
Patella, embedded in tendon
Sutural/ Workman bones
Amid skull sutures in neurocranium
Epiphysis
Portion of a bone furthest from the center
Epiphyseal plate
Cartilaginous region between epiphysis and metaphysics, Secondary ossification center
Metaphysis
Flared region between diaphysis and epiphyseal plate
Diaphysis
Central portion of bone, primary ossification center
Epiphyseal line
Region between metaphysis and epiphysis after cessation of ossification
Compact bone
Outmost solid layer
Cancellous/ spongy bone
Innermost sinusoidal layer
Medullary/marrow cavity
Replaces some of cancellous bone layer in adults
Mastoid foramen
Transmits mastoid emissary vein and meningeal branch of occipital artery
Styloid process
Origin of styloid muscles and ligament
Mandibular fossa
Articulates with the condylar process of the mandible at the temporomandiublar joint
Pharyngeal tubercle
Central, anterior to foramen magnum, protrudes inferiorly
What is insertion point for superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
Pharyngeal tubercle
What articulates with superior articulating process of atlas
Occipital condyle
Tubercle of transverse ligament
Origin and contralateral insertion of transverse band of cruciform Ligament
What transmits vertebral artery
Transverse foramen
Jefferson or burst fracture
Blow to the top of the head fracturing both arches of atlas
- Fracture alone will not typically injure spinal cord
- if transverse L is ruptured odontoid process may injure spinal cord
Hangman’s fracture
- occurs usually as a result of hyperextension of head on the neck
- occurs in axis (odontoid process and vertebral arch)
- fracture of odontoid process may occur after horizontal blow to head
- if odontoid breaks at base usually not heal (transverse L holds away from blood supply)
- odontoid process break at inferior base= more like to heal
What is treatment for hangman’s fracture
Cervical traction to improve the displacement and immobilization in halo vest
What transmits spinal cord
Vertebral foramen
Spina bifida occulta
Developmental abnormality in which vertebral lamina fail to fuse ad close off the vertebral canal
-often tuft of hair exists over defect
Where does Spina bifida occulta occur
At L5 and S1
Spina bifida cystica
Incorporates neural tissue and meninges
Transverse foramen of what transmits the vertebral A
C1-C6